Schemes

Question 1

Parallelism

Answer 1

similarity of structure in a pair or series of words, phrases or clauses

• principle demands that equivalent things be set forth in coordinate grammatical structures
• nouns must be yoked to nouns, prepositional phrases to prepositional phrases, and adverb clauses with adverb clauses

Question 2

Isocolon

Answer 2

when parallel elements are similar in both structure and length

Question 3

Antithesis

Answer 3

juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often in parallel structure
-associated with the topics of “dissimilarity” and “contraries”

Question 4

Anastrophe

Answer 4

the inversions of the natural or usual word order

• chief function is to secure emphasis
• beginning and end of a clause are the positions of greatest emphasis

Question 5

Parenthesis

Answer 5

insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical floor of the sentence

• interpolated member is cut off from the syntax of the rest of the sentence
• editorializing effect

Question 6

Apposition

Answer 6

placing side by side two coordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation of modification of the first
-interrupts flow of the sentence to supply some gratuitous information or explanation

Question 7

Ellipsis

Answer 7

deliberate omission of a word or of words which are readily implied by the context

• securing economy of expression
• “understood” words are grammatically compatible

Question 8

Asyndeton

Answer 8

deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses

• “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
• principle effect is to produce a hurried rhythm in the sentence

Question 9

Polysyndeton

Answer 9

deliberate use of many conjunctions

-Bible

Question 10

Alliteration

Answer 10

repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words
-contributes to euphony

Question 11

Assonance

Answer 11

repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonant, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words
-onomatopoetic or humorous effect

Question 12

Anaphora

Answer 12

repetition of same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses

• establishes marked rhythm
• associated with strong emotional effect

Question 13

Epistrophe

Answer 13

repetition of words or group of words at the ends of successive clauses
-pronounced rhythm and secures emphasis by repeating word and positioning it at the end of sentence

Question 14

Epanelepsis

Answer 14

repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause

Question 15

Anadiplosis

Answer 15

repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause

Question 16

Climax

Answer 16

arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance
-sometimes it is a scheme related to the topic of degree

Question 17

Antimetabole

Answer 17

repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order

Question 18

Chiasmus

Answer 18

reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses
-does not involve repetition of words

Question 19

Polyptoton

Answer 19

repetition of words derived from the same root