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CSE Prep > Schematic Design/Discretionary and Approvals - Part 1 > Flashcards

Schematic Design/Discretionary and Approvals - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T of F: Programming services are part of the scope of basic services.

A

False.

The owner will either provide the architect with a program or hire the architect to preform as an Add Serve

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2
Q

What are the three important duties of the architect during administration of programming services?

A
  1. Confirm scope and intent of project with owner
  2. Prepare a schedule for programming services, including milestone dates, services furnished by the architect and completion of documentation provided by the architect.
  3. Submit programming documents to the owner for evaluation and approval.
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3
Q

How can the architect determine the values, goals, and objectives of the owner and users during the programming phase?

A
  1. Conduct a visioning session to discuss values and goals that will affect the project. Prepare a written evaluation for the owner’s review.
  2. Meet with the owner to confirm the priorities, values and goals of the project.
  3. Identify and evaluate the constrains and opportunities that will have an impact, such as government requirements, finances and access to name a few.
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4
Q

After reviewing and analyzing the project during programming, what should the architect do next?

A
  1. Identify any major unresolved programming issues.
  2. Make recommendations for solutions to the unresolved programming issues to the owner.
  3. Prepare and present initial report of findings for owner’s review.
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5
Q

What is included in the architects final program document?

A
  1. Executive summary
  2. Value and goal statements
  3. Facts, data analysis and conclusions
  4. Relationship and flow diagrams
  5. Matrices identifying space allocations, relationships functions and sizes
  6. Special requirements and equipment such as HVAC, plumbing, acoustics, furnishings etc
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6
Q

Describe how the architect gathers programming project information and indicate what information is collected?

A

Architect shall compile and review existing project related documentation such as;

  • reports on existing facilities, site surveys, applicable codes, historical documents, and planning standards
  • architect shall conduct a walkthrough of the existing facilities and/or site with the owner to prepare a space inventory, identify traffic circulation patterns and use levels
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7
Q

What are three ways the architect determines the specific space requirements of the project during programming?

A
  1. Identify all required spaces and establish sizes and relationships
  2. Establish space efficiency factors(ration of net SF to Gross SF)
  3. Document particular space requirements such as HVAC, plumbing, lighting, furnishings, equipment or security needs.
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8
Q

What are considered additional services during the programming phase?

A
  1. Multiple site evaluation
  2. Site sustainability and planning
  3. Master planning
  4. Preliminary design and cost estimating
  5. Scheduling and market analysis
  6. Detailed existing facility evaluation
  7. Environmental suitability
  8. Services in support of owners other consultants
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9
Q

Site evaluation and project feasibility is considered an additional service during programming. What are the architects first steps during this process?

A
  • Prepare a schedule for site evaluation and planning services that identify milestone dates, services furnished by the architect and completion of documentation provided by the architect.
    2. Submit documents to the owner for evaluation and approval.
    4. Assist owner in filing documents required for approval of governing and reviewing authorities.
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10
Q

Name 5 services that could be specifically designated as the architects responsibility during site evaluation and planning.

A
  1. Program analysis - area for building, parking, circulation & open space
  2. Site analysis and selection 3. Cultural factor analysis
  3. Environmental studies
  4. Economic analysis
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11
Q

Who is responsible for all decisions regarding design during programming?

A

Owner

Architect collects design information and presents to owner for review

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12
Q

The architect and owner are in disagreement on which design layout would be most appropriate for a project. Who makes the final decision?

A

Owner

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13
Q

When should the budge and then cost estimate be prepared during programming?

A

Budget provided by owner at beginning of programming.

Cost estimate provided by architect once program is complete as an add serv.

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14
Q

You have received conflicting instructions from the project manager and superintendent, both hired by the owner. Whose instructions should you follow?

A

Though both parties are hired by the owner, generally one person has been designated as the authorized representative on the owners behalf so should be the lead contact for information by the architect. If there is a conflict contact owner.

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15
Q

What are five ways in which an architect can involve the client, users, consultants and stakeholders in developing the project design?

A
  1. Attend community meetings
  2. Hold private meetings with clients and end users
  3. Hold public meetings with stakeholders and clients
  4. Hold town hall type meetings for the community
  5. Hold a charette to encourage input on design
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16
Q

What are the main cincerns stakeholders and community groups may have related to a project’s impact on the surround area?

A

Impact and effect on:
- Environment (increase in pollution, displacement of animals and plants on site, alteration of water movement on site).
2. Increases in traffic, noise, and density.
3. Inappropriate uses for the neighborhood

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16
Q

Name four ways an architect can communicate design ideas and collect feedback from users and stakeholders?

A
  • present drawings, models and renderings
  • show a power point presentation
  • conduct interviews with stakeholders and end users
  • distribute questionnairs to clients, end users, and stakeholders
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17
Q

What are some common materials that may contain VOC’s. Name two methods for controlling their effect on indoor air quality?

A

Off-gassing of VOC’s may come from glues and adhesives from carpet, millwork, and hardwood flooring as well as paint.

To mitigate this hazard, the architect should specify low/no VOC products as well as provide adequate passive and mechanical ventilation to continually bring fresh air into the building.

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18
Q

A site is located near an industrial center with a high level of air pollution. What are some measures to protect building users from harmful air borne particulates?

A

A site is located near an industrial center with a high level of air pollution. What are some measures to protect building users from harmful air borne particulates?

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19
Q

What is the difference between carbon monoxide and radon and what are mitigation measures for each?

A

Carbon monoxide is generated from fires or combustion equipment. Mitigation measures - vent combustion equipment directly to the outside, install detectors in sleeping rooms and hallways.

Radon naturally occurs in the soil as uranium and thorium decay. Mitigation measures- conduct testing, increase under floor and basement ventilation, install a radon sump pump in the basement.

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20
Q

What are the main causes of mold and mildew growth and how can this problem be avoided?

A

Mold and mildew growth occurs most often in wet areas such as bathrooms, kitchens, laundry rooms and shower rooms. In order to grow, mold requires an environment with excessive moisture, lack of ventilation, organic compounds to serve as a food sources, and warm air temperature.

Installing passive and mechanical ventilation can help avoid mold issues.

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21
Q

During SD phase for a preschool you are approached by a group of parents who request a certain finish material for the playground. How should you respond?

A

An architect should forward the request on to the client for review to make the final decision.

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22
Q

What are similar design characteristics that would be utilized in the design of a nursing home and an elementary school?

A
  • Both groups require more security, adult supervision and are sensitive to material finishes, and higher indoor air quality should be a priority.

Elderly have even less mobility and need higher lighting

Children need softer surfaces.

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23
Q

How does contracting with an individual homeowner differ from a building project with a corporation?

A

When designing for an individual homeowner, architect interacts with the owner.

A business has a board of directors whom will designate a representative to act on their behalf.

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24
Q

You have been hired to design a synagogue, however you have no knowledge of jewish culture, how can you ensure the end needs are met?

A
  • Hire cultural consultant
  • Conduct studies, travel and interviews
  • Attend assembly or gathering
  • hold design review meetings
  • conduct interviews or distribute questionnaires with the community
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25
Q

What is the importance of including input from user groups during programming?

A

In order to fully understand any assumptions and to verify analysis data, such as space planning, adjacencies and function, it is important

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25
Q

What is the importance of including input from user groups during programing?

A

to make sure the building will function adequately one completed, space planning adjacencies and function

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26
Q

What is the difference between an citizen’s advisory committee and a neighborhood community organization?

A

Citizens advisory committee is a group of community members appointed by local board or agency to provide input and feedback on project proposals.

Neighborhood and community organizations are grassroots groups consisting of active/concerned members of the community.

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27
Q

How can an architect determine stakeholder expectations and influence project participation?

A

To determine expectations an architect should conduct interviews focus grounds workshops surveys and observations

to influence stakeholders an architect should create partnerships keep all parties informed, and have regular milestone meetings.

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28
Q

Name three design methods to maintain appropriate internal lighting levels

A
  1. Daylight sensors
  2. Occupancy sensors
  3. Dimmable controls
29
Q

Name four site related safety design measures and four building related safety design measures an architect can incorporate into a project?

A
  1. Occupancy sensors (cool or heat based on number of occupants)
  2. Zoning - hot areas recieve more cooling etc
  3. Thermostatic controls - occupants have control over individual spaces
30
Q

How do the acoustical design concerns differ between an office building and an auditorium?

A

An office building will likely require control of noise between loud and quite spaces.

An auditorium will focus more on directing and reflecting sound as well as absorbing in necessary spaces

31
Q

What are four energy efficiency design methods that can be incorporated into a building project?

A
  1. Heating & air conditioning - properly seal ducts, install multiple zones w/ programable thermostats, use high efficiency units
  2. Water heating - insultate hot water tanks and pipes, use solar hot water system
  3. Lighting - use daylighting, flourescent or LED’s, install dimmer controls and occupancy sensors
  4. use energy star appliances
32
Q

Other than low flow shower heads and toilets, what are otehr design methods for water conservation?

A
  1. Greywater
  2. Rainwater harvesting
  3. Drought tolerant landscaping
  4. Drip irrigation
33
Q

What five actions can an architect take to utilize resource conservation during project design?

A
  • reuse existing materials on site
  • reuse recyclable materials
  • use local manufactured materials
  • use rapidly renewable materials
  • use FSC wood products
34
Q

what is a correct adjacency for a day spa?

A

Public to private

Entry, reception, locker rooms, treatment

35
Q

What factors should an architect consider when developing spatial requirements and adjacencies?

A
  1. Assign priority to spaces to determine most important adjacencies
  2. Consider furniture and special equipment placement
  3. Analyze flow patterns of occupants, vehicular traffic patterns, future needs of building, open space requirements
36
Q

The owner has chosen a site that is long narrow and asymmetrical in shape. How could this affect the design of the project?

A

Space sizes could be affected if large rooms are required

Buildings orientation will be important in order to maximize site efficiency while still taking advantage of views, sunlight ventilation

parking and other site requirements may be affected if there is not enough land remaining outside of the building footprint

36
Q

What kind of programming requirements would need to be considered for the design of a fire station?

A
  1. Needs of the firefighters and staff
  2. Adequate spaces for necessary equipment
  3. Administrative and sleeping facilities
  4. Size and requirements for fire truck bays
37
Q

Name six topographical conditions to consider when evaluating a site.

A
  • grading - flat, hilly etc?
  • Vehicular access - during and after construction
  • Utility access
  • Site reatures
  • Bodies of water
  • Views
38
Q

What is the difference between topographical conditions and geological conditions?

A

Topographical occur on the surface of a site

Geological conditions occur under the surface of a site

38
Q

How can a site be designed to avoid the ponding of water?

A
  1. Reduce the amount of paving or use pervious materials
  2. Include proper grading and swales to direct water away from the building and to the storm drain system.
38
Q

A site is located on a steep undeveloped slope with southern views of the ocean. What are three primary concerns for this location?

A
  • Grading - steep slope
  • Utility acess(undeveloped needs utilities
  • views - preservation of water view desired
39
Q

What are three passive design strategies that can be included on a building located in a desert climate?

A

Deserts are known for extreme temperature ranges, both very hot and very cold. Passive design strategies can include;

  • properly insulating walls and ceilings
  • using large overhangs
  • Use of operable windows
39
Q

What effect does a high water table have on site design?

A

Site drainage - dewatering may be necessary as well as storm water runoff management

foundation type - mat slab floating on upper soil layers or piles

  1. waterproofing - foundation and basement require proper protection from water damage.
40
Q

What are the similarities and differences between a mat foundation and a pile foundation?

A

Sim - both can be usedon expansive soils with high water table

dif - mat floats while pile penetrates deep

41
Q

Name 3 design methods for protection against water penetration of the building envelope?

A

Proper slope and drainage of roof

overhangs above doors and windows

Properly designed rain screen

42
Q

What is the main design concern regarding snow drift?

A

Snow drift occurs when two adjacent roofs are at differnt heights, and the snow can stack on the lower roof, creating a large load. Building in these climates should be designed to accomodate this load.

42
Q

You are designing a museum containing artifacts that are sensitive to light and humidity. What measures should you take given these conditions?

A
  1. Maximize the use of indirect lighting
  2. Use effective moister control, exhaust fans in toilet rooms + exterior details to allow materials to breath
  3. install special humidification or de-humidification equipment to maintain proper humidity
43
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45
Q

Why should an architect be concerned with wind hazards?

A

Can damage building from lateral force, particularly on projections such as overhangs. wind can also propel objects, buildings should be designed to withstand impact forces.

46
Q

You are designing an office building near a wetland area and the landscape architect wants to introduce a new plant species. What affect may this have on the wetland area?

A

Non- native plan species can have a negative impact on wetland by displacing or destroying native species, altering the wetland function and disrupting the ecosystem.

An arch. should take great care to eliminate disturbance near wetland as well as maintain proper permits.

47
Q

Name four federal agencies that may be involved in the approval process for wetlands project?

A
  1. US fish and wildlife servies
  2. US army corps of engineers
  3. US EPA
  4. National resources conservation service
48
Q

What are ‘the big four’ permits/approvals that may be required for most wetland or stream projects?

A
  1. USACE 404 permit - US army corp of engineers
  2. RWQCB 401 Cert. - regional water quality control board
  3. CDFG streambed alteration agreement - california department of fish and game
  4. CEQA compliance - CA EPA
48
Q

Define Flora and fauna and how your design may be affected by their presence on site?

A

Flora is plant life like trees, vegea and shrubs

Fauna is animal life, particularly endangered species

site design may be affected needing to designate no disturbance zones, replanting disturbed areas, minimizing effect of food and water supply, and minimizing night site lighting and wildlife use corridors

49
Q

Your client has a site located near a wetland in the coastal zone. Which state agencies may be required for approval to design on this site?

A
  1. Dept of fish and game
  2. CAL EPA
  3. State Water resource control board
  4. California coastal commission
50
Q

Define the California Coastal Zone according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)

A

extends 1000 ft inland from mean high tide

In significant coastal estuarine habitats and recreational areas extends inland to the first major ridgeline or five miles from mean high tide.

In developed urban areas the boundary is generally less than 1000 yards.

51
Q

Which state and federal agencies may be involved in the review process for habitats of endangered species?

A

State - Dept of fish and game, CAL EPA

Fed - US Fish and Wildlife, EPA

52
Q

Who preforms a soil survey and how does this information affect project design?

A

Geotechnical engineer

impacts foundation selection - spread footing for solid stable soil, piles or mat foundation for high water table or unstable soil

Soil report will typically provide recommendations

53
Q

Describe the entitlements phase of the approval process for gaining permits from regulatory agencies?

A
  1. Submit design development drawings with enough information to illustrate size and scope of project to the local planning dept. They will review for compliance with CEQA, Zoning codes, local ordinances, LCP if in coastal zone and specific plan
  2. attend any design review board meetings
  3. Submit drawings to state, regional and local agencies as required.
54
Q

What step follows the entitlements phase during the approval process?

A

Contract documents including arch, structural, mechanical electrical for submission to local agencies(planning, building and saafety, transportation, dept of public works, fire dept, police dept)

55
Q

What conditions must be in place in order to obtain a building permit?

A

All agencies must sign off

  • Owner can obtain the permit
  • GC can with proper license and proof of workers comp
  • arch can not obtain the permit
55
Q

What is the function of a design review board?

A

Design review boards typically consist of design professionals appointed by the city council to provide advice on new development projects and exterior changes.

They function to make recommendations(advisory in nature) to planning, zoning, planning staff or city council

56
Q

Does a design review board make final permit decisions?

A

No, DR’s are advisory in nature and make recommendations.

57
Q

What are the typical design concerns of a design review board?

A
  1. Appropriate use consistent with the neighborhood.
  2. Massing of buildings, exterior colors and materials
  3. relationship of proposed buildings to neightboring buildings
  4. Landscaping consistent with neighborhood
  5. location of mechanical equipment
  6. signage and site lighting
  7. Parking requirements
58
Q

What kind of approval is generally required from a design review board?

A

in most cities review and approval from a design review board is required for new construction, additions or remodels of existing buildings, with exceptions on building type or zone depending on municipality

Final permit decisions are usually made by the planning commission, zoning administrator, planning staff or city council

59
Q

What is the focus of an air quality management district?

A

AQMD are regional agencies located throughout CA to regulate and control emissions from stationary sources

AQMD includes planning, regulation, compliance assistance, enforcement, monitoring, technology advancement and public education

60
Q

What does CEQA stand for? What is the mission and purpose of CEQA?

A

CEQA stands for California Environmental Quality ACT(1970)

Mission: Require state and local agencies to identify significant environmental impacts of their actions and avoid or mitigate those impacts, if feasible.

Purpose: inform governmental decision makers & the public of any potential significant effects of proposed activities on the environment and to provide opportunities to review and comment on draft documents

61
Q

is CEQA and agency? Are plans submitted for review to CEQA?

A

No. its an ACT.

62
Q

Who is the lead agency and what are they responsible for?

A

Typically the local planning dept(but could be a state agency depending on the project)

Primary responsibility to complete the environmental review process required by CEQA. They are responsible for coordinating with the project applicant, the public and other agencies during the review process.

63
Q

Who is the responsible agency and what role to they plan in the CEQA review process?

A

The responsible agency is the public agency or agencies with discretionary approval authority over a portion of CEQA project and interfaces directly with the lead agency (For example, the Air quality management district can be the responsible agency and consult with the lead agency)

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