Schedules of Reinforcement

Question 1

Schedule of Reinforcement

Answer 1

A rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement in which environmental arrangements determine conditions by which behaviors produce reinforcement

Question 2

Fixed Ratio

Answer 2

The completion of a number of responses to produce a reinforcer

e.g. FR4 = every 4th correct response produces reinforcement

Question 3

Postreinforcement pause

Answer 3

When they do nit respond for a period of time following reinforcement

Question 4

Variable Ratio

Answer 4

The completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer

VR 10 = about every tenth correct response on average

Question 5

Fixed Interval

Answer 5

Produces reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time

FI 3 = the first response following the elapse of 3 minutes produces reinforcement

Question 6

Variable Interval

Answer 6

Producers reinforcement for the first respond following the elapse of variable duration of time

VI 5 = Reinforcer is delivered on the average 5 minutes after a correct response

Question 7

Limited Hold

Answer 7

added to interval schedules, when reinforcement is available for a finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI schedule

Question 8

Schedule Thinning

Answer 8

When there is an increase in response ratio or to the duration of a time interval

Question 9

Ratio Strain

Answer 9

Abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from a denser to a thinner reinforcement schedule (e.g. aggression, avoidance, and unpredictable responding)

Question 10

Differential Reinforcement of High Rates

Answer 10

The reinforcement of responses higher than a predetermined criterion; produces high rate of responding

Question 11

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates

Answer 11

Responses are reinforced only when they are lower than the criterion ; produces low rate of responding

Question 12

Spaced Responding DRH or DRL

Answer 12

reinforcement is available only or responses that are separated by a given duration of time

Question 13

Full Session DRH

Answer 13

Providers reinforcement if the total number of responses during the session meets or exceeds a number criterion

Question 14

Full Session DRL

Answer 14

Reinforcement is given if the total number of responses are at or below the criterion

Question 15

Interval DRH or DRL

Answer 15

Reinforcement is available only for responses that occur at a minimum or better rate of response over short durations of time during the session

Question 16

Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates (DRD)

Answer 16

provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined time interval when the number of responses is less than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on the individuals performance

E.g. fewer than 5 responses per 5 minutes

Question 17

Progressive schedule of reinforcement

Answer 17

systematically thinning each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the participants behavior

Question 18

Compound Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 18

include concurrent, multiple, chained, mixed, tandem, alternative, and conjunctive schedules

Question 19

Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement (Conc)

Answer 19

When two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously and for two or more behaviors

e.g. Making Choices among concurrently available events

Question 20

Matching Law

Answer 20

The rate of responding typically is proportional to the rate of reinforcement received from each choice alternative; this addresses response allocation to choices available with concurrent schedules of reinforcement

Question 21

Multiple Schedule (Mult)

Answer 21

Two or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an alternating usually random sequence

• Has a discriminated stimulus with each basic schedule
• Basic schedules occur successively and independently

Question 22

Chained Schedule (Chain)

Answer 22

Two more basic schedule requirements that occur successively; have a SD correlated with each independent schedule;

• the basic schedule always occur in a specific order
  e. g. putting on a bicycle helmet

Question 23

Mixed Schedule (Mix)

Answer 23

Has no discriminated stimulus correlated with the independent schedules; have two or more basic schedules of reinforcement alternating in a random sequence

E.g. Mix Fr 10 FI 1 schedule: reinforcement occurs after the completion of 10 responses and sometimes occurs the first correct response after a 1 minute interval

Question 24

Tandem Schedule (tand)

Answer 24

Has two or more basic schedule requirements that occur successively; has no discriminative stimulus (SD)

e.g. tand FR 15 FI 2; after 15 responses then the first correct response following an elapse of 2 minutes produces reinforcement

Question 25

Alternative Schedule (Alt)

Answer 25

Provides reinforcement when the requirement of the ratio or interval schedule is met, regardless of which o the component schedules requirements is met first

e.g. alt FR 50 FI 5 ; reinforcement is delivered whenever 50 correct responses, provided the 5 minute interval has not elapsed or the first response after the elapse of 5 minutes

Question 26

Conjunctive Schedule

Answer 26

Reinforcement is given when the completion of the response requirements for both a ratio and interval schedule of reinforcement.

E.g. conj FI 2 FR 50 ; a student behavior produces reinforcement when at least 2 minutes have elapsed and 50 responses has been made