Schatcher and Singer Two factors in emotion

Question 1

Title

Answer 1

Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state

Question 2

Year conducted

Answer 2

1962

Question 3

Psychology being investigated

Answer 3

1. two factor theory of emotions: the person must experience physiological arousal and there must be a cognitive interpretation of arousal as a specific emotion
2. when someone experiences an emotion, physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for cues to label the physiological arousal
3. when the brain does not know why it feels an emotion it relies on external stimuli for cues on how to label the motion

Question 4

James Lange Theory of Emotion State

Answer 4

the same visceral changes occur in very different emotional states and in non-emotional states

Question 5

Cannon Bard Theory of Emotion State

Answer 5

• we experience physiological arousal and emotion at the same time
• senses relay emotion provoking stimuli to the thalamus
• thalamus passes info in two directions - brain and organs

Question 6

What are emotions?

Answer 6

a complex state of feelings that result in physical and psychological changes that influence thoughts and behavior

Question 7

Aims

Answer 7

1. investigate the role cognitive factors have in the experience of emotion when we are in a state of physiological arousal that has no immediate explanation
2. when we do have an appropriate explanation for feeling a certain emotion, to see whether we label it as the most appropriate emotion
3. to see whether the person will react emotionally to a certain situation based on his/ her physiology even if the cognitive elements remain the same

Question 8

Research Method

Answer 8

laboratory experiment, observation and questionnaires

Question 9

Experimental design

Answer 9

independent measures design

Question 10

Independent Variable

Answer 10

description of injection and physiological effects

Question 11

Dependent variable

Answer 11

measures of pulse rate, self ratings of side effects and behaviors seen during observation

Question 12

Sample

Answer 12

184 male students

Uni of Minnesota’s into psych course

Question 13

What did the sample receive for their participation?

Answer 13

Extra 2 points in their final exam for every hour they took part in the experiment

Question 14

What was the sampling technique?

Answer 14

volunteer

Question 15

How was deception minimized in the study?

Answer 15

they were cleared by the student health service to check that they would not be harmed by the injection given in the study

Question 16

what were the participants told that the study was about?

Answer 16

that they were taking part in a study that was investigating the effects of vitamin supplements on vision

Question 17

What was the name of the drug that was given to the participants?

Answer 17

suproxin

Question 18

what is epinephrine (adrenaline)?

Answer 18

a sympathomimetic drug whose effects are a perfect mimicry of a discharge of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 19

symptoms of epinephrine

Answer 19

palpitations, tremors, feeling of flushing and accelerated breathing

Question 20

What was the placebo given?

Answer 20

saline solution

Question 21

what were the two forms of “suproxin”?

Answer 21

placebo and epinephrine

Question 22

Procedure

Answer 22

1. ppt was taken to a private room where the experimenter and asked if he would mind receiving a Suproxin injection

Question 23

How many ppts were there originally?

Answer 23

185. 1 didn’t agree to take the suproxin injection

Question 24

what were the 4 experimental conditions?

Answer 24

1. epinephrine informed
2. epinephrine ignorant
3. epinephrine misinformed
4. Placebo

Question 25

Epinephrine informed condition?

Answer 25

• ppts were told that the side effects of suproxin are transitory (lasts of 15-20 min)
• true side effects were told

Question 26

What were the true side effects that the ppts in the Epi Inf condition were told about?

Answer 26

• hand shaking
• heart pounding
• face getting warm/ flushed

Question 27

Epinephrine Misinformed

Answer 27

ppts were told that the side effects were transitory

they were also misled about the side effects

Question 28

What were the misleading side effects given to ppts in the Epi Misinf condition?

Answer 28

• numb feet
• itching sensation
• slight headache

Question 29

Why was the Epi Misnf condition introduced as a control group?

Answer 29

bc they didn’t have an appropriate exp for their state and would turn introspective

Question 30

Epinephrine Ignorant

Answer 30

ppt were told that there were no side effects to the drug

Question 31

Placebo

Answer 31

given a saline solution and same condi of the Epi Ign condition

Question 32

What were the two conditions that the participants were allocated in?

Answer 32

euphoria or anger condition

Question 33

What occurred after the suproxin was administered?

Answer 33

in both euphoria and anger conditions, immediately after the drug was given, the experimenter entered with a stooge.
-the stooge was introduced and told that they would have to wait 20 min for the suproxin to enter the blood stream

Question 34

How was the room in the euphoria condition?

Answer 34

state of mild disarray

Question 35

Did the stooge know which condition the participant was in? Why?

Answer 35

No. to increase R and V

Question 36

What was the standard routine of the stooge?

Euphoria Condition

Answer 36

1. starts doodling for 30 seconds
2. says “this scrap paper isnt even good for doodling”
3. crumples paper and throws it into the bin// basket ball game
4. if ppt has not joined, stooge asks
5. makes paper airplane and flies it
6. throws it at ppt
7. he then builds a tower of the sloppy pile of folders and shoots at it
8. hula hoop
9. he sits with his feet on the table

Question 37

What was the standard routine of the stooge in the anger condition?

Answer 37

1. they were given a questionnaire
2. questionnaire started off innocently and then grows increasingly personal and insulting
3. stooge paces his ans based on the ppts and regularly makes a series of standard comments ending up in rage
   4.