Schaffer and Emerson - stages

Question 1

Schaffer and Emerson (1964) procedure

Answer 1

longitudinal study of 60 glaswegian babies from working class families. studied one a month for a year, with an 18 month followup. PCG’s kept a diary recording seperation and stranger anxiety.

Question 2

when was seperation anxiety found?

Answer 2

25-32 weeks

Question 3

when was stranger anxiety found?

Answer 3

a month later

Question 4

what did they find about strength of attachments?

Answer 4

associated with quality of interaction. infants would form attachment with the person who responded to signals the most

Question 5

what were the 4 stages they proposed?

Answer 5

asocial, indiscriminate, specific and multiple

Question 6

Asocial stage

Answer 6

0-6 weeks
respond to people and objects the same way

Question 7

indiscriminate

Answer 7

6 weeks to 7 months
can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar faces
no stranger anxiety

Question 8

specific

Answer 8

7 months+
seperation anxiety
attachment to PCG

Question 9

multiple

Answer 9

attachments to other caregivers (by 18 months)

Question 10

AO3- keeping a diary

Answer 10

self report, social desirability bias, could misreport behaviours to present themselves in a better life

Question 11

AO3- home environment

Answer 11

not artificial, natural and familiar for infants so more likely to be natural behaviour. high ecological validity.

Question 12

AO3- population validity

Answer 12

all from glasgow and working class families, can’t generalise to other populations

Question 13

AO3- social sensitivity

Answer 13

Mothers usually PCG, and most likely to form due to responding to signals, could be used to argue against returning to work etc.