bowlby - evolutionary / monotropy

Question 1

Bowlby argued infants were born with an innate instinct to form an attachment - why?

Answer 1

To increase their chance of survival (evolutionary explanation).

Question 2

Infants possess social releasers which are..

Answer 2

crying, cooing, smiling

Question 3

why do infants have social releasers?

Answer 3

to trigger a caring response. they attract the caregivers attention because they’re cute or distressing.

Question 4

Critical period

Answer 4

infants form an attachment within this, which is about 2 and a half years.

Question 5

monotrophy

Answer 5

one special attachment with one caregiver

Question 6

what are the consequences of lack of monotropy?

Answer 6

permanent damage to the child - negative emotional, intellectual, social consequences

Question 7

internal working model

Answer 7

template for future relationships, based off monotropic attachment.

Question 8

AO3 - weakness - conflicting research by schaff&em

Answer 8

Multiple attachment stage

Bowlby does not mention multiple attachments, only monotropy.

Question 9

AO3 - stength - critical period

Answer 9

Research by Lorenz supports critical period (Goslings to mother/Lorenz) - if goslings never saw a moving object, they didn’t attach to anything, shows importance and consequence.

Question 10

AO3 - strength - Hazen and Shaver

Answer 10

Love quiz to assess IWM - found positive correlation between early attachment and adult relationships, supporting bowlby’s ideas.

Question 11

AO3 - limitation - alternative approach: Kagans temperament hypothesis

Answer 11

Child’s temprament play a role in forming attachments - different temperaments - some more sociable and easy, some more anxious and difficult. can argue bowlby ignores temperament.