SCH4U - Thermochemistry Flashcards
Thermochemistry:
the study of the energy changes that accompany physical or
chemical changes in matter.
Energy:
the ability to do work; SI units joules (J).
Work:
the amount of energy transferred by a force over a distance; SI units joules (J).
Potential Energy (PE or Ep):
the energy of a body or system due to its position or
composition.
Kinetic Energy (KE or Ek):
the energy of an object due to its motion.
Thermal Energy (q):
the total quantity of kinetic and potential energy in a substance.
Heat:
the transfer of thermal energy from a warm object to a cooler object.
Temperature:
a measure of the average kinetic energy of entities in a substance.
Chemical System:
a group of reactants and products being studied.
Surroundings:
all the matter that is not part of the system.
Open System:
a system in which both matter and energy are free to enter and leave the
system.
Closed System:
a system in which energy can enter and leave the system, but matter
cannot.
Isolated System:
an ideal system in which neither matter nor energy can move in or out.
Endothermic:
absorbing energy from the surroundings.
Exothermic:
releasing energy to the surroundings.
Fission:
the process of using a neutron to split a nucleus of high atomic mass into two
nuclei with smaller masses.
Fusion:
the process of combining two or more nuclei of low atomic mass to form a
heavier, more stable nucleus.
Specific Heat Capacity (c):
the quantity of thermal energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 °C; SI units J/(g∙°C).
Calorimetry:
the experimental process of measuring the thermal energy change in a
chemical or physical change.
Calorimeter:
a device that is used to measure thermal energy changes in a chemical or
physical change.
Enthalpy (H):
(H): the total amount of thermal energy in a substance.
Enthalpy Change (ΔH):
the energy released to or absorbed from the surroundings
during a chemical or physical change.
Molar enthalpy change (ΔHr):
the enthalpy change associated with a physical, chemical,
or nuclear change involving 1 mol of a substance; SI units J/mol.
Molar Enthalpy Change of solution (ΔHsol):
the energy released or absorbed per mole
of solute being dissolved in solvent.