Scenario 24 Flashcards
In an EEG what is delta?
Deep sleep
In an EEG what is Theta?
Sleep states (non rem)
In an EEG what is alpha?
Quiet, awake
In an EEG what is beta?
Activated cortex (intense mental activity, REM sleep) >13 Hz
What can a CAT scan do?
Show brain in cross sections
Along which axis are the major CNS divisions?
Rostrocaudal axis
Which nerves exit spinal cord?
Sympathetic preganglionic motor neurons
Which nerves mostly exit brainstem?
Parasympathetic preganglionic motor neurons
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Involved in regulating motor coordination and motor learning using proprioceptive inputs- damage causes ataxia
What is the role of the midbrain?
Contains ventrally occulomotor nuclei and dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Dorsal superior and inferior colliculi process visual and auditory inputs to regulate subconscious attentional motor responses to the environment
What is contained within the forebrain?
Cortex and diencephalon (thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
What is the role of the thalamus?
Relays all sensory information to the cortex and receives huge cortical input
In what areas are thalamic responses to cortical input modified by basal ganglia (and cerebellum)?
Non sensory cortical areas
What diseases show a link to abnormalities in basal ganglia output?
Parkinsons and HD
Where are the executive motor and primary sensory areas of the brain?
Either side of the central sulcus (motor in front)
What is the frontal area of the brain related to?
Association and personality
What is Brocas area function?
Language and speech (side near front)
What creates the electrically polarised membranes of neurons?
Sodium being pumped out
How is information carried in dendrites?
Graded potential changes which decay over 1-2mm in all directions (de-polarising, exciting!)
Are axons myelinated in white or grey matter?
White
What is grey matter made up of?
Cell bodies, dendrites, axons
In the spinal cord what is the arrangement of the white and grey matter?
White matter outside (stains black), grey matter core
Where in the spinal cord is there more grey matter and why?
at cervical and lumbar regions (motor output to the limbs)
What is the arrangement of white and grey matter in the brain?
white matter core and grey matter outside