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ISM3004 > Scavenger Hunt 11 > Flashcards

Scavenger Hunt 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Network

A

Collection of devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local area network
Limited area (building, campus, etc.)
2 Types: Ethernet & 802.11 (WiFi)

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3
Q

WAN

A

Wide area network
Wide geographic scale
LANs in one area link together to form a WAN

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4
Q

Workstation

A

Used by humans to interact with a network
Ex. laptops, desktops, smartphones

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5
Q

Server

A

Device attached to network to provide services to workstations

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6
Q

Node

A

Any device attached to a network
Ex. Workstation, iPhone, refrigerator

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7
Q

Protocol

A

Rules that determine how data is exchanged between devices

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8
Q

Packet

A

Your network software breaks things up into chunks of data and then reassembles it

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9
Q

IP

A

Internet protocols
The assigned, unique address for every device on the internet so everyone knows who is who and can communicate reliably
Also tells WHERE you are

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10
Q

MAC vs. IP address

A

Unique, permanent (48-bit) number that indicates one device from another
Like a social security number, doesn’t tell your location

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11
Q

Bandwidth - bps, kbps, mbps, gbps

A

How much data can we shoot across transmission media in a fixed period of time (typically one second)

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12
Q

Copper Ethernet Cablings (UTP)

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

Good for small runs

Four sets of two wires where the pairs are in different frequency of twists

Categories that specify how the cable has been engineered and how fast it can safely transmit data (Ex: Cat 5 is the minimum remotely accessible quality)

Installation: NO amateurs, test results, label well and documentation, quality parts throughout

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13
Q

Fiber Optic cable is non-conducting – why is that good?

A

If lightning strikes outdoor cabling, it’s glass so it won’t be interfered with

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14
Q

What does an Ethernet Switch do?

A

Central communication device
Connects nodes together
Legacy = “Hub”
Has a certain number of ports to support a certain amount of devices
Has management capabilities
Has power over Ethernet (PoE)

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15
Q

How do workstation NICs, Ethernet switches, and cables connect together to build a typical Ethernet LAN?

A

Buy switch, buy cat 5 or 6 cables, hook each device with its own cable into th switch

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16
Q

What does the acronym “PoE” stand for? Why is PoE valuable? What are typical uses?

A

Power over Ethernet

Ethernet uses only 2 pairs of wires to send data, so the other 2 pairs aren’t being used

We can send low voltage power through unused cables with PoE

Typical uses: telephones, cameras

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17
Q

What is the “backhoe problem”? How do you protect your network against this problem?

A

Redundancy
You have a single cable and if something breaks it’s done for
That is why we have multiple panels, so if power goes out we can still work

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18
Q

What guidance was offered about WiFi range?

A

Have multiple radio stations so wherever you go in the wireless network, the range between your device and the nearest radio station is short so you have strong signal and high speed

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19
Q

For legacy WiFi Lans (802.11b and 802.11g) and current 802.11ac networks … What is the max bandwidth?
What radio frequency spectra are used?

A

802.11g - 54 mbps (bandwidth), 2.4 GHz (radio)
802.11n - 150 mbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz
802.11ac - 433 mbps to 6.77 gbps

2.4 and 5 GHz

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20
Q

What common devices can interfere with WiFi networks? Which radio spectrum is affected?

A

Microwaves, cordless phones, baby monitors

2.4GHz radio spectrum

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21
Q

AP – Define the acronym. What does it do? How does it connect to rest of the corporate LAN?

A

Access Point
Mounts to ceiling and provides coverage to many different devices through hooking up to your wired network
Anyone can connect with their device

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22
Q

What is a “site survey”? Why is it important?

A

Qualified engineer takes wireless devices and sets them up in many places
Solid coverage everywhere

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23
Q

What are “Rogue APs” and why are they a problem?

A

Buying your own WiFi
Easy to hack because there’s no security

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24
Q

What is a Router? What does it do?

A

Specialized network device with multiple network ports that go into different LANs/networks

Maintains info like which ports lead to which networks; links/isolate things from one another

Security features like firewalls, VPN, access control, etc.

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25
What is a server? (i.e. what does it do?)
Computer that provides services to other nodes on the network, shares resources
26
Network service models – how does each work? what strengths or weaknesses does each have?
Client-Server service model - Clear division of labor - Provide service and resources with the clients - Controlled by IT professionals Peer-to-Peer service model - Every computer can share its resources and provides services to each other - Hard to manage, less reliable
27
UPS – what risk does this protect against? how does it work?
Uninterrupted Power Supply Battery (charged by wall) Run time (amount of time in minutes that your UPS can stay running without power coming into it) Type (nearline or online) Conditioning (cleaning to make sure there's no brownouts or spikes in power)
28
RAID – what risk does this protect against?
Redundancy Array of Inexpensive Disks Uses hard drives to protect against data loss
29
What technology was described that can protect against total server failure? Two basic versions of this technology were described. How do they work? How are they different?
Clustering: Multiple servers running the same system OS Active-Passive: Handles every customer and if it crashes, within a second the passive server steps in Active-Active: Both servers work at the same time and if one fails, people are transferred to the other
30
What is the single biggest cause of data loss? How do you protect against that risk?
User error, so backup everything!
31
URL acronym
Uniform Resource Locator
32
DNS – What does the acronym mean? What does it do for us?
Domain Name System Converts host name into numbers (IP address)
33
Domain Registrar – what is it? why would you use one?
Company that enables customers to register domain names (first come first served) and pay an annual fee to reserve the name
34
What is Cybersquatting?
Having a domain name already bought and sitting on it until someone really want it to make a profit Doing this knowing that it is someone’s trademark is illegal
35
What is meant by the term “last mile”? Why should an organization care about the last mile?
Core of the internet is fast but when you get to the edge of coverage, speed plummets
36
Be able to recognize each of the last mile technologies
Analog modems Cable broadband DSL (digital subscriber line) FTTH (fiber to the home) Cellular wireless
37
What is DAS? What problem does it solve?
Distributed Antenna System Helps boost signals
38
What is “latency”?
The delay for the satellite and the signal (½ second round trip, even at the speed of light)
39
Net Neutrality – what’s the basic issue? Who is on each side of the issue and why?
Companies want to make a profit so they make different rules of internet speeds Consumers not in favor Internet providers love it
40
WAN - What is it? Briefly, how is it constructed?
Wide Area Network Spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs Works with remote offices, but expensive DOES NOT work for mobile users
41
What is the problem with using the public Internet to connect remote offices and mobile users to an organization’s private resources?
Too risky Lost functionality
42
VPN - Acronym definition; How does it work?
Virtual Private Network All data is encrypted (safe) Uses public internet
43
How do remote offices connect to a VPN?
Corporate router
44
How do mobile users connect to a VPN?
VPN software is installed on the computer
45
For remote office and mobile user VPNs, identify where on the network diagram the data is encrypted
The data is encrypted by the computer and continues to be throughout the process
46
Open protocol
Rules are published for everyone to see, so multiple companies can create hardware & software that interact perfectly with one another
47
Proprietary protocol
Only the company who invented it could use the protocol
48
Bps
Bits per second
49
Kbps
Kilobits per second Thousands 1024bps = 1 kbps
50
Mbps
Megabits per second Millions 1024kbps = 1 mbps
51
Gbps
Gigabits per second Billions 1024mbps = 1 gbps
52
Fiber Ethernet Cabling
Good for longer runs - Multimode fiber: up to 550 meters - Single mode fiber: 5km to 40km Network infrastructure is bigger to connect buildings together Higher speed than copper Non-conducting bc it's made out of glass - Avoids electrical interference & lightning
53
RAID 1
2 hard drives RAID system copies the info onto both computers so they’re mirror images of each other Spend twice as much money
54
RAID 5
Error-correction (if a server fails it can be used for data correction) “n+1" Uses a lot of hard drives
55
How can a company protect itself against LAN hardware failure?
Use multiple NICs Failover (if the primary fails, failover steps in automatically) Load balancing (both network cards are helping clients; if one fails it transfers clients to the other) Multiple switches (multiple systems are redundant; you share workload and if there is failure, someone else steps in)
56
Application transfer protocol (URL)
First part of URL that defines how data will be handled and tells server what they want to do (https, http, ftp, itpb)
57
Path (URL)
Tells what folder you're accessing in the file system of the domain name
58
File (URL)
Case-sensitive Specific piece of content (.html, static file, application)
59
Host name (URL)
Server containing the content Multiple machines with one host name One machine with multiple host names "www."
60
Domain name (URL)
Tells what organization on the network owns the post
61
Top level domain (URL)
Domains (.net, .org, .com, .edu) tells you the org's domain name
62
Analog modems
Standard telephone lines Home user bandwidth
63
Cable broadband
Coaxial cable used for cable TV, widely installed Bandwidth usually shared with neighbors Download faster than you upload
64
DSL (digital subscriber line)
Uses existing telephone wires into premises
65
FTTH (Fiber to the home)
100% fiber optic Cable not installed to homes, expensive to install infrastructure
66
Cellular wireless
Enables cell phones & other mobile devices to connect to the internet Still expensive, getting faster, growing demand

ISM3004 (13 decks)

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