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ISM3004 > Scavenger Hunt 11 > Flashcards

Scavenger Hunt 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Network

A

Collection of devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media

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2
Q

LAN

A

Local area network
Limited area (building, campus, etc.)
2 Types: Ethernet & 802.11 (WiFi)

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3
Q

WAN

A

Wide area network
Wide geographic scale
LANs in one area link together to form a WAN

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4
Q

Workstation

A

Used by humans to interact with a network
Ex. laptops, desktops, smartphones

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5
Q

Server

A

Device attached to network to provide services to workstations

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6
Q

Node

A

Any device attached to a network
Ex. Workstation, iPhone, refrigerator

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7
Q

Protocol

A

Rules that determine how data is exchanged between devices

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8
Q

Packet

A

Your network software breaks things up into chunks of data and then reassembles it

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9
Q

IP

A

Internet protocols
The assigned, unique address for every device on the internet so everyone knows who is who and can communicate reliably
Also tells WHERE you are

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10
Q

MAC vs. IP address

A

Unique, permanent (48-bit) number that indicates one device from another
Like a social security number, doesn’t tell your location

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11
Q

Bandwidth - bps, kbps, mbps, gbps

A

How much data can we shoot across transmission media in a fixed period of time (typically one second)

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12
Q

Copper Ethernet Cablings (UTP)

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair

Good for small runs

Four sets of two wires where the pairs are in different frequency of twists

Categories that specify how the cable has been engineered and how fast it can safely transmit data (Ex: Cat 5 is the minimum remotely accessible quality)

Installation: NO amateurs, test results, label well and documentation, quality parts throughout

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13
Q

Fiber Optic cable is non-conducting – why is that good?

A

If lightning strikes outdoor cabling, it’s glass so it won’t be interfered with

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14
Q

What does an Ethernet Switch do?

A

Central communication device
Connects nodes together
Legacy = “Hub”
Has a certain number of ports to support a certain amount of devices
Has management capabilities
Has power over Ethernet (PoE)

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15
Q

How do workstation NICs, Ethernet switches, and cables connect together to build a typical Ethernet LAN?

A

Buy switch, buy cat 5 or 6 cables, hook each device with its own cable into th switch

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16
Q

What does the acronym “PoE” stand for? Why is PoE valuable? What are typical uses?

A

Power over Ethernet

Ethernet uses only 2 pairs of wires to send data, so the other 2 pairs aren’t being used

We can send low voltage power through unused cables with PoE

Typical uses: telephones, cameras

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17
Q

What is the “backhoe problem”? How do you protect your network against this problem?

A

Redundancy
You have a single cable and if something breaks it’s done for
That is why we have multiple panels, so if power goes out we can still work

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18
Q

What guidance was offered about WiFi range?

A

Have multiple radio stations so wherever you go in the wireless network, the range between your device and the nearest radio station is short so you have strong signal and high speed

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19
Q

For legacy WiFi Lans (802.11b and 802.11g) and current 802.11ac networks … What is the max bandwidth?
What radio frequency spectra are used?

A

802.11g - 54 mbps (bandwidth), 2.4 GHz (radio)
802.11n - 150 mbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz
802.11ac - 433 mbps to 6.77 gbps

2.4 and 5 GHz

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20
Q

What common devices can interfere with WiFi networks? Which radio spectrum is affected?

A

Microwaves, cordless phones, baby monitors

2.4GHz radio spectrum

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21
Q

AP – Define the acronym. What does it do? How does it connect to rest of the corporate LAN?

A

Access Point
Mounts to ceiling and provides coverage to many different devices through hooking up to your wired network
Anyone can connect with their device

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22
Q

What is a “site survey”? Why is it important?

A

Qualified engineer takes wireless devices and sets them up in many places
Solid coverage everywhere

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23
Q

What are “Rogue APs” and why are they a problem?

A

Buying your own WiFi
Easy to hack because there’s no security

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24
Q

What is a Router? What does it do?

A

Specialized network device with multiple network ports that go into different LANs/networks

Maintains info like which ports lead to which networks; links/isolate things from one another

Security features like firewalls, VPN, access control, etc.

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25
Q

What is a server? (i.e. what does it do?)

A

Computer that provides services to other nodes on the network, shares resources

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26
Q

Network service models – how does each work? what strengths or weaknesses does each have?

A

Client-Server service model
- Clear division of labor
- Provide service and resources with the clients
- Controlled by IT professionals

Peer-to-Peer service model
- Every computer can share its resources and provides services to each other
- Hard to manage, less reliable

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27
Q

UPS – what risk does this protect against? how does it work?

A

Uninterrupted Power Supply
Battery (charged by wall)
Run time (amount of time in minutes that your UPS can stay running without power coming into it)
Type (nearline or online)
Conditioning (cleaning to make sure there’s no brownouts or spikes in power)

28
Q

RAID – what risk does this protect against?

A

Redundancy Array of Inexpensive Disks
Uses hard drives to protect against data loss

29
Q

What technology was described that can protect against total server failure? Two basic versions of this
technology were described. How do they work? How are they different?

A

Clustering:
Multiple servers running the same system OS

Active-Passive:
Handles every customer and if it crashes, within a second the passive server steps in

Active-Active:
Both servers work at the same time and if one fails, people are transferred to the other

30
Q

What is the single biggest cause of data loss? How do you protect against that risk?

A

User error, so backup everything!

31
Q

URL acronym

A

Uniform Resource Locator

32
Q

DNS – What does the acronym mean? What does it do for us?

A

Domain Name System
Converts host name into numbers (IP address)

33
Q

Domain Registrar – what is it? why would you use one?

A

Company that enables customers to register domain names (first come first served) and pay an annual fee to reserve the name

34
Q

What is Cybersquatting?

A

Having a domain name already bought and sitting on it until someone really want it to make a profit
Doing this knowing that it is someone’s trademark is illegal

35
Q

What is meant by the term “last mile”? Why should an organization care about the last mile?

A

Core of the internet is fast but when you get to the edge of coverage, speed plummets

36
Q

Be able to recognize each of the last mile technologies

A

Analog modems
Cable broadband
DSL (digital subscriber line)
FTTH (fiber to the home)
Cellular wireless

37
Q

What is DAS? What problem does it solve?

A

Distributed Antenna System
Helps boost signals

38
Q

What is “latency”?

A

The delay for the satellite and the signal (½ second round trip, even at the speed of light)

39
Q

Net Neutrality – what’s the basic issue? Who is on each side of the issue and why?

A

Companies want to make a profit so they make different rules of internet speeds
Consumers not in favor
Internet providers love it

40
Q

WAN - What is it? Briefly, how is it constructed?

A

Wide Area Network

Spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs

Works with remote offices, but expensive

DOES NOT work for mobile users

41
Q

What is the problem with using the public Internet to connect remote offices and mobile users to an
organization’s private resources?

A

Too risky
Lost functionality

42
Q

VPN - Acronym definition; How does it work?

A

Virtual Private Network
All data is encrypted (safe)
Uses public internet

43
Q

How do remote offices connect to a VPN?

A

Corporate router

44
Q

How do mobile users connect to a VPN?

A

VPN software is installed on the computer

45
Q

For remote office and mobile user VPNs, identify where on the network diagram the data is encrypted

A

The data is encrypted by the computer and continues to be throughout the process

46
Q

Open protocol

A

Rules are published for everyone to see, so multiple companies can create hardware & software that interact perfectly with one another

47
Q

Proprietary protocol

A

Only the company who invented it could use the protocol

48
Q

Bps

A

Bits per second

49
Q

Kbps

A

Kilobits per second
Thousands
1024bps = 1 kbps

50
Q

Mbps

A

Megabits per second
Millions
1024kbps = 1 mbps

51
Q

Gbps

A

Gigabits per second
Billions
1024mbps = 1 gbps

52
Q

Fiber Ethernet Cabling

A

Good for longer runs
- Multimode fiber: up to 550 meters
- Single mode fiber: 5km to 40km

Network infrastructure is bigger to connect buildings together

Higher speed than copper

Non-conducting bc it’s made out of glass
- Avoids electrical interference & lightning

53
Q

RAID 1

A

2 hard drives
RAID system copies the info onto both computers so they’re mirror images of each other
Spend twice as much money

54
Q

RAID 5

A

Error-correction (if a server fails it can be used for data correction)
“n+1”
Uses a lot of hard drives

55
Q

How can a company protect itself against LAN hardware failure?

A

Use multiple NICs

Failover (if the primary fails, failover steps in automatically)

Load balancing (both network cards are helping clients; if one fails it transfers clients to the other)

Multiple switches (multiple systems are redundant; you share workload and if there is failure, someone else steps in)

56
Q

Application transfer protocol (URL)

A

First part of URL that defines how data will be handled and tells server what they want to do (https, http, ftp, itpb)

57
Q

Path (URL)

A

Tells what folder you’re accessing in the file system of the domain name

58
Q

File (URL)

A

Case-sensitive

Specific piece of content (.html, static file, application)

59
Q

Host name (URL)

A

Server containing the content

Multiple machines with one host name

One machine with multiple host names

“www.”

60
Q

Domain name (URL)

A

Tells what organization on the network owns the post

61
Q

Top level domain (URL)

A

Domains (.net, .org, .com, .edu) tells you the org’s domain name

62
Q

Analog modems

A

Standard telephone lines

Home user bandwidth

63
Q

Cable broadband

A

Coaxial cable used for cable TV, widely installed

Bandwidth usually shared with neighbors

Download faster than you upload

64
Q

DSL (digital subscriber line)

A

Uses existing telephone wires into premises

65
Q

FTTH (Fiber to the home)

A

100% fiber optic
Cable not installed to homes, expensive to install infrastructure

66
Q

Cellular wireless

A

Enables cell phones & other mobile devices to connect to the internet

Still expensive, getting faster, growing demand

ISM3004 (11 decks)

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