Exam 1 Flashcards
Disruptor
Old ways have changed, unable to continue in the normal way.
Disruptor to Blockbuster
Netflix
Disruptor to Music
Digital Music
Disruptor to Higher Education
Online Education
MOOC
Massive Open Online Course
Moore’s Law
Number of transistors in a chip will double in 24 months. By Gordon Moore.
How much of Internet is not from US?
90%
How many global internet users?
3.8 Billion
How many US Internet user?
290 Million
Reverse Innovation
Develop your market first in emerging markets, then bring to developed markets.
Gallaugher’s 3 Key Technology Enables that creates, “golden age of tech entrepreneurship”
Cloud, App Store, Social Media
App Stores
Zero-cost distribution WW, immediate access to electronic storefront
Social Media
Can earn free publicity, viral spread.
Cloud
You can rent servers, software, use someone else’s IT staff, facilities.
Sexist Job of the 21st Century
Data Scientist
CIO
Chief Information Officer
CTO
Chief Technology Officer
CISO
Chief Information Security Officer
CPO
Chief Privacy Officer
What does “half-life” mean in tech skills?
Over time, it will become less and less valuable.
What’s the solution to half life in tech skills?
Be Agile, Learn how to learn, Be curious, Be creative
Gartner Hype Circle
Hype has a life cycle, this program helps us understand it.
Gartner Hype: Vertical Line:
Expectations
Gartner Hype: Horizontal Line:
Time - life cycle
Gartner Hype: First Phase:
Innovation Trigger
Gartner Hype: Second Phase: Coming UP
Peak of Inflated Expectations
Gartner Hype: Third Phase (coming down)
Trough of Disillusionment
Gartner Hype: Fourth Phase: slowly coming back up
Slope of Enlightenment
Gartner Hype: Fifth Phase: Final
Plateau of Productivy
Gartner Hype: 3 Dangers Zones
Adopting to early, Giving up too soon, Adopting to late
Low Impact for new techs
Slight process improvements
Moderate impact for new techs
Existing processes improved incrementally
High impact for new techs
New ways of performing processes
Transformational impact for new techs
New way of doing business.
Gartner Magic Quadrant
How do choose the best software, etc.
Gartner Magic: Vertical Line:
Ability to Execute
Gartener Magic: Horizontal Line:
Completeness of Vision
Gartner Magic: Leaders
Upper Right, Have profound vision, powerful, have resouces and can make it happen.
Gartner Magic: Visionaires
Bottom Right, Profound vision as well, but they don’t execute well. Maybe young, not enough resources.
Gartner Magic: Challengers
Upper Left, they do a great job well. Narrow vision, not broad. Do not understand where market is going.
Gartner Magic: Niche
Bottom Left, Small market segments. Not very focused, don’t execute or innovate well.
How to use the Magic Quad?
It’s your first step of many. Focus on YOUR business needs and goals. Don’t be a slave to the chart.
What can you not copyright?
an idea
How long does a copyright last?
lifetime plus 70 years, company: 100 year.
Others can use copyright if:
Written permission, copyright expired, US Federal Gov works.
What does public domain mean?
Copyright has expired, you can use for free.
What is Fair Use?
Special Limitation: limits copyright but used the context of teaching, new reporting, parody, and critical comment.
Three tests for Fair Use
Nature of the work it is used for, The amount used, Potential damage to the value for owner
Is Fair Use a right?
NO
Standard Copyright
All Rights Reserved
Creative Commons Copyright
Some Rights Reserved
What are stock photos?
You buy the right to use certain photos, they have terms.
CC-BY
Attribution. Everyone can use my content but just give ME credit. You can modify.
CC-BY-NC
Non-Commerical. Only non-profits and private citizens can use for free. Business have to pay.
CC-BY-ND
No Derivatives. Cannot modify work whatsoever.
CC-BY-SA
Share Alike. You can modify but you much share with my original attributes I listed.
CC-0
No Right, Public Domain.
What does putting the cart before the horse mean?
Determine your need, Choose your software, Choose your hardware
System Softare
Collection of programs that are needed for the smooth functioning of a computer and its devices. Programs that make a computer function. Low Level.
Application Software
Helps you accomplish a task. Programs that do the REAL work.
Is Windows 10 a systems or application software?
Systems
Is an anti-virus a systems or application software?
Systems - makes the system productive so apps can run.
Are business problems solved by application or systems software?
Application
What is the layer cake metaphor?
Software is architeched in layers. Top: Users, then: Application; then: OS; then Base: Hardware.
What is the rule for each layer interaction?
Each layer may only interact with the layer directly above or below them.
What does API stand for?
Application Programming Interface
What is API?
How layers, systems talk to each other. A standard set of rules by which one program can talk to another program. First: web server, then talks to an app server, who then talks to the DATABASE> ALL scalable.
Operating Systems
The job of the OS is to be that interface layer between the application and the hardware.
What is a development platform?
A consistent set of tools that let programmers interact with the hardware so they can create apps for us.
Desktop Application Software
Single User Application. Typically installed right on the person’s computer system.
Enterprise Application Software
Shared system that an entire org uses on a powerful system. Brings consistency of process, expensive.
What does SCM stand for?
Supply Chain Management
What is SCM?
Managing the flow of raw materials, process them, and for them to be delivered.
What does CRM stand for?
Customer Relationship Management
What is CRM?
Usually for marketing, salesforce. Organizing data of customers, conversations, promises, etc. Privacy is crucial. Complexities.
What does ERP stand for?
Enterprise Resource Planning
What is ERP
A technology strategy that integrates a set of business functions (Fin, HR, etc.) thru tight links form operations to financial records. Modules that can mix and match. Huge code base. Difficult to customize. Very expensive.
What does OOTB stand for?
Out Of The Box
What is OOTB?
One size fits all product. Alternative is customization.
What is the role of the Client?
Job is very simple. Client is an input/output device. Accepts input and displays it.
What is the role of the Server?
Stores, processes, analyzes the data. does all the work.
Pros of Distributed computing?
It is very scalable. Data is managed by professionals - secure.
Cons of Distributed Computing?
Complicated and expensive.
What is EULA?
End User License Agreement
What are 2 questions to ask about software license?
Who uses? How long?
What is shrink wrap license?
Buying software in a box that is shrink wrapped. There is legal writing that says if you open this shrink wrap you abide by our rules.
Click Wrap
Click to agree to download software.
What it an FTE license?
Full-Time Equivalent. Based on how many FT hours, versus how many employees. One employee can work 40, and 4 can work 10 hours a week.
What is a concurrent license?
Multi-User License that limits how many people are using software at the same time. Great for shift workers.
Does Perpetual License mean ownership?
NO. It allows you to use, maybe forever, but you can never own it.
Issues to consider with subscription type software licenses?
What are the terms and renewal? Upgrade/Newer version - included or not? Bug fixes, Support, Exit Clauses, Liability
What is the Business Manager’s role in making this process successful?
Business process must be well-defined, Clear statement of goal, Requirements clearly stated, Version control - avoid feature creep, Project Management technique key - communication!
TCO
Total Cost of Ownership
Beyond the Price Tag
Deployment, training, user support, maintenance/upgrades, administration, indirect costs such as users are learning so productivity is low. Free puppies vs free beer.
How much of IT costs occur after initial purchase?
80%
How much of IT project fail?
68%
Three aspects of project failure
Time: Doesn’t come on time., Cost, Results: Functionality. Didn’t meet goals
Total Failure of IT Project:
Where you get NOTHING in return.
Marginal Failure in IT project
Some of things you wanted, but other needs were not met. It works but late and over budget.
Top 2 causal factors for IT failure
Poor Business Analysis, Poor requirements specification (IT Failure) - failure to really understand the business or project goals. 60% cost premium when there are these types of failures
What fixes can help maximize the chances of project success?
Need realistic goals, Requirements Specification is crucial! Project needs Executive Champion (leadership) to provide guidance, Making sure resources are being dedicated, Avoid the feature creep, Communicate! Evaluate and address risk, Pay attention to testing, Need real project management skills
Marginal Costs
How much money does it cost to manufacture, to create ONE more unit. It’s zero marginal costs for software.
Network effects
the value of product increases as the number of users grow.
Switching Costs
Remember TCO. Switching costs are HIGH with software. Not likely to switch.
What is another term for Proprietary Software?
Black Box you have no idea what is going on inside of that black box.
Enterprise Data Centers
Are traditional. Huge rooms, wasted energy, space, money, etc.
Treasure of Open Source
Competition and innovation
Treasure of Cloud
Scalability
Treasure of Virtualization
Flexibility
What does OSS stand for?
Open Source Software
What are the characteristics of OSS?
Cost - this free puppies/free beer. Access to source code (ability to fix bugs yourself, modify, and add features), Huge community for fixing problems, support
What are Distributions for OSS?
Ubuntu, redHat
Set of sample OSS solutions:
Open Office - full suite, Firefox, Linnex Operating System, Apache web server, MySQL database server, Word Press blogging platform, Hadoop system for managing enormous quantities of data
LAMP stack
Linnex, Apache, MySQL, and PhP
Revenue Potential for OSS
Commercial Support, Consulting Services, Hardware.
What is Decocratization of IT?
Levels the playing field for small businesses, the consumer and has economic growth. Access to same big tools as big company.
List some Consumer Cloud Computing programs:
Gmail, Office 365, Cloud, DropBox
SaaS
Servers as a Service. Needing a software program already ready to use like google apps, salesforce - renting access for their cloud for a fee.
PaaS
Platform as a service. Needing a database to create you own stuff.
DaaS
Desktop as a service. You pay per desktop, per month. Gold Image - your techs design exactly what the perfect company X computer should look like. Rapid scale up/down.
BYOD
Bring Your Own Device
Federated Authentication
Log in credential to log into ALL of the cloud services.
Name 3 federed authentication techs:
SAML, OAUTH, Shibboleth
What is SSO
Single Sign On
What factors lead to cloud computing being more energy efficient and environmentally friendly?
Greater Energy Efficient - sharing hardware, Using less space, using only what you need
Salesforce data Cloud is ___% more efficient than traditional
95
VMWare Carbon Calcluator
1 server = 1 car
What is a Cloud-First Strategy?
When a company is deploying a new application, the first thing they say is, “Where can we put this in the cloud?” Only reason they would install locally is that it is impossible to do in the cloud.
Risks of Cloud Computing:
1) Authentication - Standards-based federated authentication 2) Vendor stability: you want to find a vendor that provides 3) Regulatory compliance - vulnerability assessments & forensics 4) Consumerization
Steps to minimize risk of cloud computing:
-Audits: AICPA SOC 2 - Trust but Verify - Ronald Reagan; Data location: where is the data located? Do they specify that it can only be located in the US?; Disaster recovery: Are there enough, how long to replicate data, is the data valid?; Exit strategy: Contract, penalties, fees; How to retrieve your data: In what form? Ensure vendor destroys all copies
What is virtualization?
Is a way to take advantage of underutilizing resources. So we can get more value for our money.
What is abstraction of resources?
The idea of taking a physical resource and carving it up into multiple pieces and then presenting each of those pieces to a virtual computer as if it were the only person using it.
How does virtualization solve the problem for underutilized hardware?
Virtualization is a technique for running multiple “virtual computers” on a single physical host computer system. It breaks it up to give the person only what they need, ie 1 gb or 16 gb, instead of wasted space just sitting there.
With virtualization does the software has any idea that they are running a virtual abstract environment?
No
Physical Machine (PM)
Dedicate Resources (wasted space); Device Drivers specific to PM; Multiple PMs = multiple boxes; Must buy ea OS license
Virtual Machine (VM)
Shared Resources - saving money and space; Generic device drivers: easy migration, rapid deployment; Multiple VMs in 1 box: power & space saving; Still: you have to buy ea license for each person
What is workstation virtualization?
Multiple operating system on single physical host machine. Not the same as Boot Camp or Dual Boot. Both Windows and OS X on a Mac computer - great for tech support.; VM Portability: you can copy and move to another desktop; Security: test software in VM w/o risking host integrity
What is a snaphot?
restores VM to previous status. Great for testing.
What is server virtualization?
Servers do most virtualization.; Consolidation: Most servers are grossly underuntilized. 20+ VMs per PM is common; Reduced hardware costs, Pooled resources; Server Room/Datacenters: BIG savings. No space for cooling, power; Reduced server room costs: space, energy, furnishing (racks, KVM, cabling)
How does virtualization impact server deployment and enterprise agility?
Deploys VMs from templates (Gold Standard). How a company wants their server to look. This will reduce costs, faster turnaround, and fewer errors.
How can virtualization improve enterprise reliability and disaster recovery?
Snapshot; Redundancy/Reliability: Live migration - you can easily move all the VM to another host while you need to work on that server; Failover: if one host died, just simply reboot. No need to call tech; Testing: You can build a virtual network; Disaster Recovery: They are portable
What top three server virtualization systems were discussed in lecture?
VMWare, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen: Open Source Virtualization
What is OSS
Open Source Software
