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FCA > scar tissue, burns, wounds, inflammatory > Flashcards

scar tissue, burns, wounds, inflammatory Flashcards

1
Q

what is scar tissue

A

collagen based tissue that develops from inflammatory process

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2
Q

what are the types of scars (8)

A

contracture
adhesion
scar tissue adhesion
fibrotic adhesion
irreversible contracture
proud flesh
hypertrophic scarring
keloid

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3
Q

describe contracture

A

shortening of CT structures over a joint

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4
Q

describe adhesion

A

reduced ROM at a joint allows cross links to form among collagen fibres

when tissue is left in a shorted position for a long time

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5
Q

describe fibrotic adhesion

A

occuring w ongoing chronic inflammation

difficult to eradicate

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6
Q

describe scar tissue adhesion

A

occurs w an injury or acute inflaamm. process

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7
Q

describe irreversible contracture

A

when fibrotic tissue or bone replaces muscle or CT
permanent loss of ROM

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8
Q

describe proud flesh

A

thick dermal granulation tissue from an abnormal healing process

happens when wound doesn’t re-epithelialize

results in disorganized collagen and capillaries susceptible to damage

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9
Q

describe hypertrophic scarring

A

overgrowth of dermal tissue that remains within boundaries of the wound

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10
Q

describe keloid scar

A

dermal scar tissues that extends beyond the boundaries of OG wound

can continue to grow for many years

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11
Q

effects of massage on scar tissue

A

decrease edema before scar tissue develops

stretching the scar tissue after massage is essential to realign collagen fibres

helps desensitize the area through tactile stimulation

prevent hypertrophic scarring

increase circulation

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12
Q

CI’s w scar tissue

A

frictions if taking anti inflammatory meds

frictions not recommended for proud flesh/keloid

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13
Q

what is a spasm

A

an involuntary sustained contraction of a muscle

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13
Q

describe reflex muscle guarding

A

painful muscle spasm is response to pain

it acts to functionally splint the injury preventing further movement / injury

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14
Q

describe intrinsic muscle spasm

A

part of self perpetuating pain spasm cycle

result from direct or indirect trauma

increase in SNS firing

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15
Q

what is tone

A

resistance of relaxed muscle and CT to palpation

continuous contraction of a muscle in response to the stimulation of the nervous system

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16
Q

what is tension

A

increase in tone palpated in muscle fibres that tend to shorten

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17
Q

what causes a muscle contraction

A

myosin filaments and actin moving past each other, pulling on actin

releasing and rebonding

repeated actions cause muscle contraction

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18
Q

fascicles, muscle fibres, made up of myofibrils
sarcomeres

A
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19
Q

what do the mm spindles and golgi tendon organs do together

A

transmit proprioceptive info from muscle to the CNS to allow proper functioning

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20
Q

what are muscle spindles

A

major sensory organs that aid in control of movements

measure stretch *

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21
Q

what do muscle spindles measure and where are they located

A

stretch and speed

located in the muscle belly

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22
Q

what are golgi tendon organs

A

nerve receptors located int tendons near their attachments

protect muscle from overstretch injury

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23
Q

causes of mm spasms (6)

A

pain
circulatory stasis
increased gamma neuron firing
chilling of the muscle
lack of vit d
impaired nutrition

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24
Q

CI’s with spams

A

do not remove spasm reflexive spasm in acute/subacute stages that is splinting an injury

massage is locally CI’d w deep vein thrombosis

hot hydro w acute injury spasm

passively stretching acute injury spasm

25
Q

what is reciprocal inhibition

A

when one muscle contracts another lengthens

reflex action for a muscle to relax

26
Q

some tx goals for spasm

A

break the pain spasm cycle and decrease spasm

decrease pain and SNS firing

increase local circulation

increase ROM

decrease hypertonicity

27
Q

what indirect techniques would be used first for a spasm

A

GTO release
muscle approximation

28
Q

types of healing

A

re-epithelization
granulation tissue
scar tissue

29
Q

what is re-epithelization

A

applies only if skin is damaged

superficial damage

no scar tissue, normal tissue structure results

regeneration is possible

30
Q

what is granulation tissue

A

part of any tissue repair when there is 1st or 2nd intention healing

new blood vessels develop from venues at the edge of an injury called neoangiogenesis (coordinated growth of blood vessels & nerves)

fibroblasts are important , they form loose CT matrix
result is vascular CT

31
Q

when does scar tissue occur

A

when there is increased loss of epidermal and dermal tissue layers

mature collagen repair

32
Q

what is first intention healing

A

some tissue loss and wound edges are approximated

healing is efficient w small amounts of collagen produced to repair

33
Q

what is second intention healing

A

when extensive tissue damage or a large area is affected

penetration of dermis

wound edges cannot be brought together easily

healing takes longer

34
Q

describe early subacute stage

A

2-3 days post injury -continue up to 3 weeks

diminishing sign of inflammation

muscle spasm diminishes

35
Q

what is the primary process of the early subacute stage

A

filling damaged area w new tissue

36
Q

describe subacute stage

A

within 2 days - 3 weeks -6 weeks

wound closure takes 5-8 days,
tendon/muscle takes 3-5 wks

gradual restoration of damaged structure

37
Q

describe late subacute

A

2-3 weeks after subacute stage

pocket of residual swelling

potential loss of ROM, min discomfort

p is experienced w overpressure of tissue

38
Q

what is scar remodelling

A

reshaping of healing area as existing collagen is broken down, new collagen is synthesized

cross links develop among fibres

strength of site increases

39
Q

tx goals at late subacute

A

decrease remaining edema

reduce trigger points

decrease pain and adhesions

improve ROM/ strength

40
Q

tx goals for early subacute/subacute

A

decrease inflammation, pain, swelling and spasm

maintain ROM/strength

now can treat peripheral but not distal to injury site

41
Q

tx goals for acute stage

A

limit inflammatory process

reduce pain/swelling

decrease SNS firing

protective spasms are reduced but not removed

compensatory structures are treated

42
Q

describe chronic stage

A

2-3 weeks continue up to 2-3 years

inflamm. process is resolved

likely no edema but loss of ROM w decrease in function

43
Q

tx for chronic

A

reduce restrictive adhesions and trigger points and restore ROM and strength to affected areas

44
Q

what does the dermis contain

A

sebaceous and sweat glands
hair follicles
nerve receptors
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels

45
Q

what does the subcutaneous contain

A

adipose tissue, larger blood vessles
deep hair follicles

46
Q

functions of skin

A

excretion/absorption
vit d synthesis
thermoregulation
fat storage
gas exchange
protection

47
Q

wound definition

A

a disruption of the continuity of the skin

48
Q

what is an abrasion

A

superficial wound w ragged edges

49
Q

what is a laceration

A

increased tissue loss w ragged wound edges

50
Q

incision

A

clean approximated edges

51
Q

puncture

A

clean edges w small entry point

risk of wound closing over before damage is healed, increase in infection

52
Q

animal bite

A

combo of crush, laceration, puncture wound

53
Q

how can healing occur

A

simple generation or 1st or 2nd intention healing

54
Q

superficial burn

A

affects epidermis
1st degree burn
healing is rapid without scar tissue

55
Q

partial thickness burn

A

second degree
affects epidermis and dermis
BLISTERS

56
Q

full thickness burn

A

third degree

damage to all skin layers

burns appear dry, inelastic, white, waxy, charred

re-epithelization is not possible

4th degree damages all layers plus muscle and bone

57
Q

rule of nines

A

used to explain the % of the body surface damaged by the burn

58
Q

complications of burns

A

breathing
inhalation injuries
GI
renal
heterotrophic calcification
burned skin
thermoregulation
peripheral nerve damage
sensory impairment or loss
subluxation & discoloration
amputation

59
Q

what is hypertrophic scar tissue

A

as scars develop there is ongoing deposition and destruction of collagen

tissue appears heaped up

FCA (6 decks)

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