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FCA > scar tissue, burns, wounds, inflammatory > Flashcards

scar tissue, burns, wounds, inflammatory Flashcards

1
Q

what is scar tissue

A

collagen based tissue that develops from inflammatory process

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2
Q

what are the types of scars (8)

A

contracture
adhesion
scar tissue adhesion
fibrotic adhesion
irreversible contracture
proud flesh
hypertrophic scarring
keloid

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3
Q

describe contracture

A

shortening of CT structures over a joint

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4
Q

describe adhesion

A

reduced ROM at a joint allows cross links to form among collagen fibres

when tissue is left in a shorted position for a long time

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5
Q

describe fibrotic adhesion

A

occuring w ongoing chronic inflammation

difficult to eradicate

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6
Q

describe scar tissue adhesion

A

occurs w an injury or acute inflaamm. process

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7
Q

describe irreversible contracture

A

when fibrotic tissue or bone replaces muscle or CT
permanent loss of ROM

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8
Q

describe proud flesh

A

thick dermal granulation tissue from an abnormal healing process

happens when wound doesn’t re-epithelialize

results in disorganized collagen and capillaries susceptible to damage

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9
Q

describe hypertrophic scarring

A

overgrowth of dermal tissue that remains within boundaries of the wound

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10
Q

describe keloid scar

A

dermal scar tissues that extends beyond the boundaries of OG wound

can continue to grow for many years

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11
Q

effects of massage on scar tissue

A

decrease edema before scar tissue develops

stretching the scar tissue after massage is essential to realign collagen fibres

helps desensitize the area through tactile stimulation

prevent hypertrophic scarring

increase circulation

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12
Q

CI’s w scar tissue

A

frictions if taking anti inflammatory meds

frictions not recommended for proud flesh/keloid

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13
Q

what is a spasm

A

an involuntary sustained contraction of a muscle

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13
Q

describe reflex muscle guarding

A

painful muscle spasm is response to pain

it acts to functionally splint the injury preventing further movement / injury

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14
Q

describe intrinsic muscle spasm

A

part of self perpetuating pain spasm cycle

result from direct or indirect trauma

increase in SNS firing

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15
Q

what is tone

A

resistance of relaxed muscle and CT to palpation

continuous contraction of a muscle in response to the stimulation of the nervous system

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16
Q

what is tension

A

increase in tone palpated in muscle fibres that tend to shorten

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17
Q

what causes a muscle contraction

A

myosin filaments and actin moving past each other, pulling on actin

releasing and rebonding

repeated actions cause muscle contraction

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18
Q

fascicles, muscle fibres, made up of myofibrils
sarcomeres

A
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19
Q

what do the mm spindles and golgi tendon organs do together

A

transmit proprioceptive info from muscle to the CNS to allow proper functioning

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20
Q

what are muscle spindles

A

major sensory organs that aid in control of movements

measure stretch *

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21
Q

what do muscle spindles measure and where are they located

A

stretch and speed

located in the muscle belly

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22
Q

what are golgi tendon organs

A

nerve receptors located int tendons near their attachments

protect muscle from overstretch injury

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23
Q

causes of mm spasms (6)

A

pain
circulatory stasis
increased gamma neuron firing
chilling of the muscle
lack of vit d
impaired nutrition

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24
CI's with spams
do not remove spasm reflexive spasm in acute/subacute stages that is splinting an injury massage is locally CI'd w deep vein thrombosis hot hydro w acute injury spasm passively stretching acute injury spasm
25
what is reciprocal inhibition
when one muscle contracts another lengthens reflex action for a muscle to relax
26
some tx goals for spasm
break the pain spasm cycle and decrease spasm decrease pain and SNS firing increase local circulation increase ROM decrease hypertonicity
27
what indirect techniques would be used first for a spasm
GTO release muscle approximation
28
types of healing
re-epithelization granulation tissue scar tissue
29
what is re-epithelization
applies only if skin is damaged superficial damage no scar tissue, normal tissue structure results regeneration is possible
30
what is granulation tissue
part of any tissue repair when there is 1st or 2nd intention healing new blood vessels develop from venues at the edge of an injury called neoangiogenesis (coordinated growth of blood vessels & nerves) fibroblasts are important , they form loose CT matrix result is vascular CT
31
when does scar tissue occur
when there is increased loss of epidermal and dermal tissue layers mature collagen repair
32
what is first intention healing
some tissue loss and wound edges are approximated healing is efficient w small amounts of collagen produced to repair
33
what is second intention healing
when extensive tissue damage or a large area is affected penetration of dermis wound edges cannot be brought together easily healing takes longer
34
describe early subacute stage
2-3 days post injury -continue up to 3 weeks diminishing sign of inflammation muscle spasm diminishes
35
what is the primary process of the early subacute stage
filling damaged area w new tissue
36
describe subacute stage
within 2 days - 3 weeks -6 weeks wound closure takes 5-8 days, tendon/muscle takes 3-5 wks gradual restoration of damaged structure
37
describe late subacute
2-3 weeks after subacute stage pocket of residual swelling potential loss of ROM, min discomfort p is experienced w overpressure of tissue
38
what is scar remodelling
reshaping of healing area as existing collagen is broken down, new collagen is synthesized cross links develop among fibres strength of site increases
39
tx goals at late subacute
decrease remaining edema reduce trigger points decrease pain and adhesions improve ROM/ strength
40
tx goals for early subacute/subacute
decrease inflammation, pain, swelling and spasm maintain ROM/strength now can treat peripheral but not distal to injury site
41
tx goals for acute stage
limit inflammatory process reduce pain/swelling decrease SNS firing protective spasms are reduced but not removed compensatory structures are treated
42
describe chronic stage
2-3 weeks continue up to 2-3 years inflamm. process is resolved likely no edema but loss of ROM w decrease in function
43
tx for chronic
reduce restrictive adhesions and trigger points and restore ROM and strength to affected areas
44
what does the dermis contain
sebaceous and sweat glands hair follicles nerve receptors blood vessels lymphatic vessels
45
what does the subcutaneous contain
adipose tissue, larger blood vessles deep hair follicles
46
functions of skin
excretion/absorption vit d synthesis thermoregulation fat storage gas exchange protection
47
wound definition
a disruption of the continuity of the skin
48
what is an abrasion
superficial wound w ragged edges
49
what is a laceration
increased tissue loss w ragged wound edges
50
incision
clean approximated edges
51
puncture
clean edges w small entry point risk of wound closing over before damage is healed, increase in infection
52
animal bite
combo of crush, laceration, puncture wound
53
how can healing occur
simple generation or 1st or 2nd intention healing
54
superficial burn
affects epidermis 1st degree burn healing is rapid without scar tissue
55
partial thickness burn
second degree affects epidermis and dermis BLISTERS
56
full thickness burn
third degree damage to all skin layers burns appear dry, inelastic, white, waxy, charred re-epithelization is not possible 4th degree damages all layers plus muscle and bone
57
rule of nines
used to explain the % of the body surface damaged by the burn
58
complications of burns
breathing inhalation injuries GI renal heterotrophic calcification burned skin thermoregulation peripheral nerve damage sensory impairment or loss subluxation & discoloration amputation
59
what is hypertrophic scar tissue
as scars develop there is ongoing deposition and destruction of collagen tissue appears heaped up

FCA (6 decks)

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