edema Flashcards
what can edema result from
release of histamine
systemic diseases
obstruction of lymphatic vessels
what does lymph contain
WBC, plasma proteins, fats, debris
how is an equilibrium maintained
as long as fluid entering the interstitial tissues via the arterioles equals the fluid leaving the venules
what is the majority of lymph moved by
movement of muscles
diaphragm when breathing
peristalsis
contraction of arteries
what are the 2 types of lymph capillaries
initial vessels
collecting capillaries
do initial vessels and collecting capillaries have valves
NO
what are catchments and where are they found
a clustering of several lymph nodes that form a bed
found in hinge areas of body (susceptible to blockages)
rate of lymph flow is through catchments is slower
susceptible to blockages
what are axillary nodes catchments for
entire upper extremity and thoracic quadrant of trunk
what are cervical nodes catchments for
head and face
what are popliteal catchments for
foot and leg
inguinal catchment is for what?
thigh, perineum, lower ab regions, same side hip
what do the collecting ducts consist of
right lymphatic and thoracic duct
LARGEST VESSELS in network
where are the watersheds in the torso
clavicles and scapular spines
umbilicus
vertical line at midsagittal line
what is a watershed
a boundary line that gives regional organization to multiple lymphotomes
what is a lymphotome
connections between groups of specific vessels and collecting capillaries from a single pathway for lymph flow
where does the right lymphatic duct collect fluid from
RIGHT ARM. ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR RIGHT SHOULDER, RIGHT SIDE OF HEAD
where does the right lymphatic duct connect to cardiovascular system
right jugular and subclavian veins
3 treatment goals for edema
reduce edema (area) to increase tissue health
reduce edema (area) to increase circulation
decrease edema (area) to improve ROM
lymphatic flow
BC
INS/F
LC
LV
N
V
T
D
blood capillaries
interstitial spaces / fluid
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatics vessels
nodes
vessels
trunks
ducts
junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
what is circulatory edema
caused by dysfunction/disease in CV system b/c of imbalance between dynamic forces of capillary filtration and reabsorption
hypertension, venous insufficiency, kidney dysfunction, obesity typically cause what kind of edema
circulatory
what is the opposite of circulatory edema
lymphedema
what is primary lymphedema , when is it evident
congenital or genetic defect in lymphatic development
evident in early child hood begins as swelling in legs
what is secondary lymphedema
occurs when nodes or vessels of lymphatic system are damaged or destroyed
causes of secondary lymphedema?
surgery, radiation, virus/infection, repeated compression
can scar tissue develop with secondary lymphedema
YES,
it develops when a catchment that is damaged and edema uptake and lymph movement are compromised
what is traumatic edema
localized and temporary swelling of tissue associated w soft tissue injury
what is primary traumatic edema
amount of fluid spilled out of stretched and torn soft tissue
seek OUT primary care ** amount of fluid spilled OUT
what is secondary traumatic edema
amount of fluid drawn into area of damage due to increased interstitial oncotic pressure of that arm
what are the 2 main catchments in the body
axilla
inguinal
how do therapists use watersheds
to move lymph from edematous areas to another body region w less congestion
causes of edema
increased permeability of capillaries
obstruction of lymphatic flow
increased capillary pressure
decrease of plasma protein
increased permeability of capillaries is from what
inflammation, tissue trauma, immune response, burns
obstruction of lymphatic flow is from what
infection
parasites
disease
surgical removal of lymph nodes
radiation
congenitally
obstruction leads to retention of plasma proteins which attracts more fluid, what is this called?
low flow- high protein edema
increased capillary pressure is from what
heart failure
thrombophlebitis
pregnancy
generalized allergic response
what causes high flow low protein edema
lymphostatic edema
what is lymphedema
chronic accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues
can be primary or secondary
what does non-pitted edema result from
coagulation of serum proteins in interstitial spaces, usually following local trauma or infection
ppl with lymphedema experience an increase in urine output and urine concentrations have increased lymphedema
suggests the techniques work to improve the clearance of these substances
each stroke must be repeated how many times
5-7 times
proximal to distal
where is traumatic edema usually found
local and distal to injury site
looks taut and firm
where is edema found due to local obstruction
whole limb distal to lesion site
taut/firm
puffy/congested
edema due to a systemic condition affects where
the entire body
lymphatic drainage is used to prepare the unaffected neighboring watersheds to take an increased lymph load before draining the affected lymphedematous watersheds
otherwise, a sudden increase in the lymphatic load in these watersheds can cause a local proximal low protein edema, potentially trapping the edema in the limb
function of lymphatic system is presumed to be sufficient although temporarily overwhelmed by excess fluid in interstitium is what kind of edema
circulatory
