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Anatomy Exam 6 > Scapular and Pectoral Regions > Flashcards

Scapular and Pectoral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Common place humerus is broken

A

Surgical neck

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2
Q

Shoulder joints (3)

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral

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3
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Strong joint, transmits force of arms to thorax, rarely damaged, has articular disc to help cushion

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4
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Holds scapula up to clavicle, 3 main ligaments (acromioclavicular and 2 coracoclavicular)

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5
Q

Acromioclavicular dislocation

A

“Separated shoulder,” can vary depending on how many ligaments were torn, causes a dislocation where trapezius pulls clavicle up and upper limb pulls scapula down, occurs by falling on outstretched arm or shoulder

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6
Q

Clavicle fracture

A

Normally between first 2/3 and lateral 1/3, occurs by falling on outstretched arm/shoulder, causes swelling in the middle of the clavicle and makes it painful to let the weight of the arm pull down on it

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7
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Very mobile but weak (helps with manipulation more than weight-bearing), surrounded by weak ligaments and held together by rotator cuff muscles

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8
Q

Glenoid labrum (in glenohumeral joint)

A

Surrounds glenoid fossa, increases surface area slightly; can have trauma to this with dislocated shoulder or disruption/trauma to biceps or humeral head

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9
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

Superior, middle, and inferior – form the joint capsule; can have trauma to this with dislocated shoulder or disruption/trauma to biceps or humeral head

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10
Q

Most common dislocation of humerus

A

Anterior/inferior because there is nothing to resist being pulled down (no muscles or tendons)

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11
Q

Axio-appendicular muscles

A

Extrinsic muscles of upper limb; includes pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior

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12
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

Intrinsic muscles of upper limb; includes deltoid, teres major, and rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)

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13
Q

Pectoralis major: innervation

A

Medial and lateral pectoral n

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14
Q

Pectoralis major: actions

A

Primarily adductor of arm, also flexes humerus (clavicular portion) and extends from flexed position (sternocostal portion) – ADDUCTION and MEDIAL ROTATION if whole muscle is activated

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15
Q

Pectoralis major: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – clavicular head: anterior medial shaft of the clavicle, sternal head: anterior surface of the sternum
Distal attachment – lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor: innervation

A

Medial pectoral n

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17
Q

Pectoralis minor: actions

A

Stabilizes scapula against thoracic cage, elevates rib cage (accessory muscle of respiration!)

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18
Q

Pectoralis minor: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – 3rd–5th ribs

Distal attachment – medial border of the coracoid process (scapula)

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19
Q

Subclavius: innervation

A

N to subclavius

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20
Q

Subclavius: action

A

Depress clavicle

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21
Q

Subclavius: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – junction of the first rib and manubrium
Distal attachment – inferior center of the clavicle

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22
Q

Serratus anterior: innervation

A

Long thoracic n (VERY SUPERFICIAL – easily injured)

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23
Q

Serratus anterior: action

A

Protracts and stabilizes scapula (lower fibers also rotate)

24
Q

Serratus anterior: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – lateral parts of ribs 1–8

Distal attachment – medial anterior border of the scapula

25
Long thoracic nerve injury results
Winged scapula, patient cannot abduct arm above 90 degrees ("my long thoracic nerve was damaged so now I have wings but can't fly!")
26
Trapezius: innervation
Accessory n (only one in this section NOT innervated by brachial plexus!)
27
Trapezius: action
Elevates, retracts, rotates, and depresses scapula (so big it does everything basically)
28
Trapezius: attachments
Proximal attachment -- occipital bone, spinous processes of C1–T12 Distal attachment -- lateral third of clavicle, acromion, superior border of scapular spine
29
Levator scapula and rhomboid muscles: innervation
Dorsal scapular n
30
Levator scapula: action
Elevate scapula
31
Rhomboids: action
Retract and elevate scapula
32
Levator scapula and rhomboid muscles: attachments
Proximal attachment -- vertebral processes | Distal attachment -- scapula
33
Latissimus dorsi: innervation
Thoracodorsal n
34
Latissimus dorsi: action
Adducts, extends, and medially/internally rotates humerus ("pull up muscle")
35
Scapular movements
Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, superior rotation, inferior rotation
36
Main muscles of elevation of scapula
TRAPEZIUS, levator scap and rhomboids
37
Main muscles of depression of scapula
GRAVITY, pecs, lats, trap, serratus anterior
38
Main muscles of protraction of scapula
SERRATUS ANTERIOR, pectoralis major and minor
39
Main muscles of retraction of scapula
TRAPEZIUS, rhomboids, lats
40
Main muscles of superior rotation of scapula
TRAPEZIUS and SERRATUS ANTERIOR
41
Main muscles of inferior rotation of scapula
LATS, gravity, levator scap, rhomboids, pecs
42
Deltoid: innervation
Axillary n
43
Deltoid: action
Flexes, abducts, and extends arm at shoulder
44
Deltoid: attachments
Proximal attachment -- lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine Distal attachment -- deltoid tuberosity of humerus
45
Teres major: innervation
Lower subscapular n
46
Teres major: actions
Adducts and medially rotates humerus, assists lats
47
Rotator cuff muscles: innervation
Supra/infraspinatus -- suprascapular n Teres minor -- axillary n Subscapularis -- upper and lower subscapular n
48
Rotator cuff muscles: action
Supraspinatus -- initiates abduction of humerus Infraspinatus and teres minor -- laterally/externally rotate humerus Subscapularis -- medially/internally rotate humerus
49
Subclavian artery branches
Thyrocervical trunk --> transverse cervical a (superficial branch supplies trap), dorsal scapular a Suprascapular a --> goes through supraspinous and infraspinous fossa
50
Axillary artery parts and branches
1st part: superior thoracic a 2nd part: thoracoacromial trunk (CADP branches), lateral thoracic a 3rd part: anterior and posterior circumflex humeral a, subscapular a (thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular branches)
51
Scapular anastomoses (2)
- -Dorsal scapular and thoracodorsal (inferior scap) | - -Suprascapular and circumflex scapular (between scap and humerus)
52
Humeral anastomosis
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral (around surgical neck of humerus)
53
Borders of quadrangular space
--contains AXILLARY N and POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL A --can be damaged by fracture of humerus at surgical neck Lateral border—humerus Medial border—long head of triceps brachii Superior border—teres minor Inferiorly—teres major
54
Borders of triangular space
--contains SCAPULAR CIRCUMFLEX A Lateral border—long head of the triceps Superior border—teres minor Inferior border—teres major
55
Lymph node groups (5)
Humeral: lateral wall of the axillary fossa medial and posterior to axillary vein (basilic v empties here) Subscapular: posterior wall of axillary fossa along posterior axillary fold and subscapular blood vessels Pectoral: medal wall of axilla, surrounding lateral thoracic vein and inferior border of pectoralis minor Central: deep to pectoralis minor Apical: at apex of axillary fossa along medial side of axillary vein and 1st part of axillary artery (cephalic v empties here)
56
Clinical importance of lymph nodes
Many breast cancers metastasize here -- important for staging

Anatomy Exam 6 (5 decks)

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