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Anatomy Exam 6 > Scapular and Pectoral Regions > Flashcards

Scapular and Pectoral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Common place humerus is broken

A

Surgical neck

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2
Q

Shoulder joints (3)

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral

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3
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Strong joint, transmits force of arms to thorax, rarely damaged, has articular disc to help cushion

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4
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Holds scapula up to clavicle, 3 main ligaments (acromioclavicular and 2 coracoclavicular)

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5
Q

Acromioclavicular dislocation

A

“Separated shoulder,” can vary depending on how many ligaments were torn, causes a dislocation where trapezius pulls clavicle up and upper limb pulls scapula down, occurs by falling on outstretched arm or shoulder

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6
Q

Clavicle fracture

A

Normally between first 2/3 and lateral 1/3, occurs by falling on outstretched arm/shoulder, causes swelling in the middle of the clavicle and makes it painful to let the weight of the arm pull down on it

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7
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Very mobile but weak (helps with manipulation more than weight-bearing), surrounded by weak ligaments and held together by rotator cuff muscles

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8
Q

Glenoid labrum (in glenohumeral joint)

A

Surrounds glenoid fossa, increases surface area slightly; can have trauma to this with dislocated shoulder or disruption/trauma to biceps or humeral head

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9
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

Superior, middle, and inferior – form the joint capsule; can have trauma to this with dislocated shoulder or disruption/trauma to biceps or humeral head

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10
Q

Most common dislocation of humerus

A

Anterior/inferior because there is nothing to resist being pulled down (no muscles or tendons)

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11
Q

Axio-appendicular muscles

A

Extrinsic muscles of upper limb; includes pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior

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12
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A

Intrinsic muscles of upper limb; includes deltoid, teres major, and rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)

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13
Q

Pectoralis major: innervation

A

Medial and lateral pectoral n

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14
Q

Pectoralis major: actions

A

Primarily adductor of arm, also flexes humerus (clavicular portion) and extends from flexed position (sternocostal portion) – ADDUCTION and MEDIAL ROTATION if whole muscle is activated

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15
Q

Pectoralis major: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – clavicular head: anterior medial shaft of the clavicle, sternal head: anterior surface of the sternum
Distal attachment – lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor: innervation

A

Medial pectoral n

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17
Q

Pectoralis minor: actions

A

Stabilizes scapula against thoracic cage, elevates rib cage (accessory muscle of respiration!)

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18
Q

Pectoralis minor: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – 3rd–5th ribs

Distal attachment – medial border of the coracoid process (scapula)

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19
Q

Subclavius: innervation

A

N to subclavius

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20
Q

Subclavius: action

A

Depress clavicle

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21
Q

Subclavius: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – junction of the first rib and manubrium
Distal attachment – inferior center of the clavicle

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22
Q

Serratus anterior: innervation

A

Long thoracic n (VERY SUPERFICIAL – easily injured)

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23
Q

Serratus anterior: action

A

Protracts and stabilizes scapula (lower fibers also rotate)

24
Q

Serratus anterior: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – lateral parts of ribs 1–8

Distal attachment – medial anterior border of the scapula

25
Q

Long thoracic nerve injury results

A

Winged scapula, patient cannot abduct arm above 90 degrees (“my long thoracic nerve was damaged so now I have wings but can’t fly!”)

26
Q

Trapezius: innervation

A

Accessory n (only one in this section NOT innervated by brachial plexus!)

27
Q

Trapezius: action

A

Elevates, retracts, rotates, and depresses scapula (so big it does everything basically)

28
Q

Trapezius: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – occipital bone, spinous processes of C1–T12
Distal attachment – lateral third of clavicle, acromion, superior border of scapular spine

29
Q

Levator scapula and rhomboid muscles: innervation

A

Dorsal scapular n

30
Q

Levator scapula: action

A

Elevate scapula

31
Q

Rhomboids: action

A

Retract and elevate scapula

32
Q

Levator scapula and rhomboid muscles: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – vertebral processes

Distal attachment – scapula

33
Q

Latissimus dorsi: innervation

A

Thoracodorsal n

34
Q

Latissimus dorsi: action

A

Adducts, extends, and medially/internally rotates humerus (“pull up muscle”)

35
Q

Scapular movements

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, superior rotation, inferior rotation

36
Q

Main muscles of elevation of scapula

A

TRAPEZIUS, levator scap and rhomboids

37
Q

Main muscles of depression of scapula

A

GRAVITY, pecs, lats, trap, serratus anterior

38
Q

Main muscles of protraction of scapula

A

SERRATUS ANTERIOR, pectoralis major and minor

39
Q

Main muscles of retraction of scapula

A

TRAPEZIUS, rhomboids, lats

40
Q

Main muscles of superior rotation of scapula

A

TRAPEZIUS and SERRATUS ANTERIOR

41
Q

Main muscles of inferior rotation of scapula

A

LATS, gravity, levator scap, rhomboids, pecs

42
Q

Deltoid: innervation

A

Axillary n

43
Q

Deltoid: action

A

Flexes, abducts, and extends arm at shoulder

44
Q

Deltoid: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
Distal attachment – deltoid tuberosity of humerus

45
Q

Teres major: innervation

A

Lower subscapular n

46
Q

Teres major: actions

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus, assists lats

47
Q

Rotator cuff muscles: innervation

A

Supra/infraspinatus – suprascapular n
Teres minor – axillary n
Subscapularis – upper and lower subscapular n

48
Q

Rotator cuff muscles: action

A

Supraspinatus – initiates abduction of humerus
Infraspinatus and teres minor – laterally/externally rotate humerus
Subscapularis – medially/internally rotate humerus

49
Q

Subclavian artery branches

A

Thyrocervical trunk –> transverse cervical a (superficial branch supplies trap), dorsal scapular a
Suprascapular a –> goes through supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

50
Q

Axillary artery parts and branches

A

1st part: superior thoracic a
2nd part: thoracoacromial trunk (CADP branches), lateral thoracic a
3rd part: anterior and posterior circumflex humeral a, subscapular a (thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular branches)

51
Q

Scapular anastomoses (2)

A
  • -Dorsal scapular and thoracodorsal (inferior scap)

- -Suprascapular and circumflex scapular (between scap and humerus)

52
Q

Humeral anastomosis

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral (around surgical neck of humerus)

53
Q

Borders of quadrangular space

A

–contains AXILLARY N and POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL A
–can be damaged by fracture of humerus at surgical neck
Lateral border—humerus
Medial border—long head of triceps brachii
Superior border—teres minor
Inferiorly—teres major

54
Q

Borders of triangular space

A

–contains SCAPULAR CIRCUMFLEX A
Lateral border—long head of the triceps
Superior border—teres minor
Inferior border—teres major

55
Q

Lymph node groups (5)

A

Humeral: lateral wall of the axillary fossa medial and posterior to axillary vein (basilic v empties here)
Subscapular: posterior wall of axillary fossa along posterior axillary fold and subscapular blood vessels
Pectoral: medal wall of axilla, surrounding lateral thoracic vein and inferior border of pectoralis minor
Central: deep to pectoralis minor
Apical: at apex of axillary fossa along medial side of axillary vein and 1st part of axillary artery (cephalic v empties here)

56
Q

Clinical importance of lymph nodes

A

Many breast cancers metastasize here – important for staging

Anatomy Exam 6 (5 decks)

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