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Anatomy Exam 6 > Anterior Arm and Forearm > Flashcards

Anterior Arm and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Which arm is fractured more often and why?

A

Radius because it is the bone primarily in contact with carpals

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2
Q

When are ulnar fractures seen?

A

In defensive injuries (holding arm in front of face)

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3
Q

Ulnar pseudoarthrosis

A

Joint in the middle of the bone with formation of cartilage and synovial capsule – causes swelling but no functional deficit

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4
Q

Elbow joints (2)

A

Humeroradial and humeroulnar joints – both functional and morphological hinge joints (radioulnar joint not part of elbow but promotes function)

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5
Q

What ligament joins the radius and ulna?

A

Annular ligament – strongest proximal connection (radial head can dislodge without this)

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6
Q

Important elbow ligaments on medial side

A

Ulnar collateral ligaments (posterior, anterior, transverse)

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7
Q

What fracture is usually caused by posterior dislocation of the ulna?

A

Fracture of coronoid process of ulna (in this dislocation trochlear notch sits next to medial epicondyle)

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8
Q

“Nursemaid’s elbow” causing dislocated radius is a tearing of which ligament?

A

Annular ligament (dislocates to be superior to capitulum and anterior to ulnar coronoid process)

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9
Q

Anterior compartment of arm (general action, innervation)

A

All are FLEXORS, innervated by MUSCULOCUTANEOUS N

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10
Q

Biceps brachii: action

A

Flexion of shoulder, elbow, and supination

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11
Q

Biceps brachii: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – NO attachment to humerus, attaches to coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Distal attachment – radial tuberosity (and bicipital aponeurosis)

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12
Q

Brachialis: action

A

Flexion of elbow

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13
Q

Brachialis: innervation

A

Dual innervation: musculocutaneous AND radial!!

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14
Q

Brachialis: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – distal half of anterior humeral shaft

Distal attachment – ulnar tuberosity

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15
Q

Coracobrachialis: action

A

Flexion of shoulder, adduction of arm

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16
Q

Coracobrachialis: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – coracoid process

Distal attachment – medial humerus

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17
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm (general action, innervation)

A

Most are flexors of wrist/digits and two are pronators of forearm, all innervated by MEDIAN N except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (both innervated by ulnar n)

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18
Q

Superficial group of anterior compartment of forearm

A

Pronator teres (humeral head), palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis

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19
Q

Pronator teres (humeral head): attachments

A

Proximal attachment – medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal attachment – midshaft of radius

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20
Q

Palmaris longus: atachments

A

Proximal attachment – medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal attachment – palmar aponeurosis

21
Q

Palmaris longus: action

A

Flex wrist, tense palmar aponeurosis

22
Q

Flexor carpi radialis: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – medial epicondyle of humerus

Distal attachment – base of metacarpal II

23
Q

Flexor carpi radialis: action

A

Flexion and ABDUCTION of wrist

24
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon
Distal attachment – hook of hamate, pisiform, and base of metacarpal V

25
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: innervation

A

ULNAR N

26
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: action

A

Flexion and ADDUCTION of wrist

27
Q

Intermediate group of anterior compartment of forearm

A

Pronator teres (ulnar head), flexor digitorum superficialis

28
Q

Pronator teres (ulnar head): attachments

A

Proximal attachment – proximal head of ulna

Distal attachment – midshaft of radius

29
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – medial epicondyle, proximal radius

Distal attachment – base of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

30
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis: action

A

Flex proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP), metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP), and wrist

31
Q

Deep group of anterior compartment of forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

32
Q

Innervation of deep group of anterior compartment forearm muscles

A

Anterior interosseous n EXCEPT medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

33
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – ulnar shaft, interosseous membrane

Distal attachment – base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

34
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: action

A

Flex proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, and wrist

35
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: innervation

A

DUAL innervation – lateral half = anterior interosseous n, medial half = ulnar n

36
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – radial shaft, interosseous membrane

Distal attachment – base of distal phalanx of digit 1

37
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: action

A

Flex carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, MCP, IP of digit 1, wrist

38
Q

Pronator quadratus: attachments

A

Proximal attachment – distal ulnar shaft

Distal attachment – distal radial shaft

39
Q

Radial artery anastomosis

A

Radial > radial recurrent > radial collateral > profunda brachii

40
Q

Ulnar artery anastomoses (3)

A

Ulnar > anterior ulnar recurrent > inferior ulnar collateral > brachial
Ulnar > posterior ulnar recurrent > superior ulnar collateral > brachial
Ulnar > common interosseous > posterior interosseous > recurrent interosseous > middle collateral > profunda brachii

41
Q

Cubital fossa borders

A

Medial: pronator teres
Lateral: brachioradialis
Superior: line between medial and lateral epicondyles

42
Q

Contents of cubital fossa

A

Superficial veins; brachial, ulnar, and radial arteries; median and radial nerves; biceps brachii tendon; bicipital aponeurosis

43
Q

Supra-epicondylar fracture

A

Damage to cubital fossa including BRACHIAL A (called Volkmann’s ischemic contracture), brachialis pulls lower fragment superiorly and triceps pulls lower fragment posteriorly – causes muscles in forearm to atrophy or die

44
Q

Median nerve injury in cubital fossa or more proximal

A

All muscles innervated by nerve will be de-innervated, clinical sign is Hand of Benediction (looks like blessing someone, can only flex two medial digits) – can be caused by supracondylar fracture or anything that injures brachial a

45
Q

Pronator syndrome

A

Pronator teres compresses median nerve – less severe injury than complete de-innervation – pain in proximal forearm during pronation, weakness in finger flexion/wrist along with decreased sensation in lateral palm and digits

46
Q

Anterior interosseous syndrome

A

Damage to only the anterior interosseous nerve in forearm usually due to trauma, deep compartment muscles are de-innervated, can’t make OK sign and difficulty with fine movement

47
Q

Ulnar nerve injury at elbow or more proximal

A

Clinical sign is ulnar claw (and inability to make tight fist) – extension at MCP and joint flexion at IP, wasting of first dorsal interosseous, numbness of medial 1.5 digits

48
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of ulnar nerve as it passes through cubital tunnel (where humeral and ulnar heads of flexor carpi ulnaris meet), numbness and tingling of medial palm and 1.5 digits

Anatomy Exam 6 (5 decks)

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