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Anatomy > Scapula and Pectoral Regions > Flashcards

Scapula and Pectoral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. Scapula
  3. Humerus
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2
Q

What are the landmarks of the clavicle?

A

Acromial end - lateral
Sternal end - medial
Shaft
Conoid tubercle
Depression for costoclavicular ligament (posteriormedially)

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3
Q

What are the joints of the pectoral girdle?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular joint
  2. Acromioclavicular joint
  3. Glenohumeral joint
  4. Scapulothoracic plane (not really)
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4
Q

What ligament attaches to the conoid tubercle of clavicle?

A

Conoid ligament

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5
Q

What are the landmarks of the scapula? (15)

A

Glenoid fossa
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle
Suprascapular notch
Neck
Spine
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Superior angle
Inferior angle
Lateral border
Medial border
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa

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6
Q

What originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Biceps Brachii Long Head

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7
Q

What originates at the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Triceps brachii long head

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8
Q

What ligament encloses the suprascapular notch? What else is in this notch?

A

Superior trasnverse scapular ligament encloses notch into a foramen

Suprascapular artery runs superior to ligament and Suprascapular nerve can get trapped in foramen

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9
Q

What are the landmarks of the humerus? (14)

A

Head
Anatomical Neck
Surgical Neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove
Shaft
Deltoid tuberosity
Radial groove
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Olecranon fossa
Coronoid fossa
Trochlea Capitulum

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10
Q

Where is the anatomical neck of the humerus?

A

Between the articular surface of the head of the humerus and the greater and lesser tubercles. Junction between proximal epiphyses and diaphysis

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11
Q

Where is the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Distal to greater and lesser tubercles. Inferior to anatomical neck

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12
Q

What runs in the intertubercular groove of the humerus?

A

Biceps brachii long head tendon

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13
Q

Where is the radial groove of the humerus and what runs through it?

A

Lateral and distal to deltoid tuberosity. Radial nerve runs through it

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14
Q

Stenoclavicular Joint

A

Saddle synovial joint
Allows rotation along long axis of clavicle
Provides shock absorption for forces from upper to limb to trunk
Accompanies all scapular motion

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15
Q

What ligaments are part of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Sternoclavicular ligament (anterior and posterior)
Costcoclavicular ligament
Interclavicular ligament

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16
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

Plane synovial joint
Weak
Allows minor rotation and translation to facilitate scapular and clavicular rotation

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17
Q

What happens when the acromioclavicular joint is dislocated?

A

Shoulder separation

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18
Q

What ligaments are part of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament (strong) –> includes conoid and trapezoid ligament

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19
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Ball and socket synovial joint
Facilitates mobility at cost of stability

20
Q

What ligaments are part of glenohumeral joint and where do they originate from?

A

Ligaments originate from glenoid labrum.
Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior)
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament –> holds tendon of biceps brachii within groove
Coracoacromial ligament - reinforces joint, prevent dislocation

21
Q

What is the scapulothoracic plane?

A

Respresents a fascial plane between muscles surrounding the scapula and muscles of the thoracic wall. Motion occurs with rotation of scapula

22
Q

What are the anterior extrinsic muscles?

A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. Pectoralis Minor
  3. Subclavius
  4. Serratus Anterior
23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Pectoralis Major?

A

Origin:
Clavicular head - 1/3 of clavicle
Sternocostal head - sternum and costal cartilages 1-6
Abdominal head - Aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

Action:
Clavicular head - flexes arm
Sternocostal head - extends arm from flexed position
Whole muscle - adducts and medially rotates arm

Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Pectoralis Minor?

A

Origin: Ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process

Action: Protract scapula and elevate ribs when scapula fixed

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

25
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Subclavius?

A

Origin: Rib 1

Insertion: Inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

Action: Depression of clavicle

Innervation: Nerve to subclavius

26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of serratus anterior?

A

Origin: Ribs 1-9

Insertion: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Action: Protraction and superior rotation of scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

27
Q

What happens when the long thoracic nerve is injured?

A

Wing scapula. It is superficial to serratus anterior and with injury, there is difficult with superior rotation of scapula

28
Q

What are the anterior intrinsic muscles or the scapulohumeral muscles?

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Rotator Cuff - Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis

29
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Deltoid?

A

Origin:
Clavicular (ant) head - lateral third of clavicle
Acromial (middle) head - Acromion process
Spinal (post) head - Scapular spine

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Action:
Clavicular - flex and medially rotate humerus
Acromial - abduction of humerus
Spinal - extension and lateral rotation of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

30
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Teres Major?

A

Origin: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular groove

Action: Adduction and medially rotate humerus

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve

31
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Supraspinatus?

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Superior aspect of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Initiates abduction of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

32
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Infraspinatus?

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertion: Posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation of humerus

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

33
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Teres Minor?

A

Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Posterior surface of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation of humerus

Innervation: Axillary nerve

34
Q

What is the origin, insertion, action and innervaton of Subscapularis?

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medial rotation of humerus

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerve

35
Q

What muscles are in the rotator cuff? What does the rotator cuff do?

A

Muscles include supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. Rotator cuff assists in stabilization and maintenance of glenohumeral joint.

36
Q

Describe the borders of the quadrangular space

A

Lateral - Surgical neck of humerus
Medial - long head of triceps brachii
Superior - teres minor
Inferior- teres major

37
Q

What is within the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

38
Q

What occurs when surgical neck of humerus is fractured?

A

Damages quadrangular space, including axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Leads to paralysis and atrophy of deltoid and teres minor

39
Q

What are the borders of the triangular space?

A

Lateral - Long head of triceps brachii
Superior - Teres minor
Inferior - Teres major

40
Q

What is within the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

41
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

Apex - space between clavicle, scapula, and rib 1

Base - skin, superficial and deep axillary fascia

Medial wall - Serratus anterior, intercostal muscles, thoracic wall

Lateral wall - humerus

Anterior wall - Pectoralis major and minor

Posterior wall - scapula, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi

42
Q

What are the parts of the axillary artery? What are the parts divided by?

A
  1. Medial/Superior
  2. Deep
  3. Lateral

*All in relation to pectoralis minor

43
Q

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

A
  1. Medial/Superior branches to superior thoracic
  2. Deep branches to thoracoacromial trunk which branches to clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral
  3. Lateral branches to subscapular, which branches to circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal. Lateral also branches to anterior circumflex humeral and posterior circumflex humeral.
44
Q

What are the superficial veins?

A

Cephalic vein - lateral margin of upper limb from wrist to shoulder
Basilic vein - runs along medial margin of upper limb fro distal forearm to mid-arm
Medial cubital - joins cephalic and basilic in cubital fossa

45
Q

What are the superficial nodes of the upper limb?

A

Cubital
Deltopectoral

46
Q
A

Anatomy (3 decks)

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