Scalp & Face

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp ?

Answer 1

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium

** SCA are adherent to each other.

Question 2

Why do scalp wound bleed profusely ?

Answer 2

The connective tissue layer of the scalp contains numerous blood vessels that are prevented from retraction by all the fibrous tissues. Bleeding can be stopped by applying pressure against the bone. Also, inflammation of the scalp causes little swelling but a lot of pain due to numerous nerves in the connective tissue layer of the scalp.

Question 3

The aponeurosis of the scalp (also called epicranial aponeurosis) is the aponeurosis of what muscle ?

Answer 3

Occipitofrontalis

Question 4

What layer of the scalp is a potential space that may distend with fluid as a result of injury or infection and called the dangerous layer of the scalp ? and why ?

Answer 4

Loose areolar tissue layer.
Emissary veins open here and can carry infections inside the brain via the venous sinus

Question 5

What muscle makes is responsible for surprised facial expression ?

Answer 5

Occipitofrontalis

Question 6

What are the 7 sensory nerves that supply the scalp and the areas they supply?
‘‘Some Silly Zebras Ate Lemon Grass Pizza’’

Answer 6

Question 7

6 branches of arterial supply of the scalp?

Answer 7

Question 8

Venous drainage of the scalp.

Answer 8

Question 9

Lymphatic drainage of the scalp.

Answer 9

Anterior part of scalp and forehead -> submandibular lymph nodes.
Lateral part of scalp anterior to ears -> preauricular or parotid gr.
Lateral part of scalp posterior to ears -> retroauricular or mastoid gr.
Back of the scalp -> occipital lymph nodes.

All will eventually drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes.

Question 10

Muscles of the face lie in superficial fascia. There is no deep fascia in the face. Embryologically, these muscles develop from where and as a result, are supplied by what nerve?

Answer 10

Mesoderm of 2nd pharyngeal arch
Facial N.

Question 11

3 parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle & their actions

Answer 11

Orbital part : closes the lid thightly
Palpebral part : closes the lid gently
Lacrimal part : dilates lacrimal sac

Question 12

Which muscles closes the mouth and compresses lips together ?

Answer 12

Orbicularis oris
‘‘kissing muscle’’

Question 13

Main action of buccinator

Answer 13

prevents food accumulation in the vestibule
suckling for neonates

Question 14

What muscles together permit to inflate cheeks with air?

Answer 14

Buccinator + orbicularis oris

Question 15

What is the best way to ID the buccinator ?

Answer 15

The parotid duct pierces it

Question 16

Motor nerve for facial expressions ?

Answer 16

All muscles of the face are innervated by the facial N.

Question 17

Sensory innervation of the face ?
What is the exception ?

Answer 17

Trigeminal N.
A small area over the angle of the mandible is supplied by the great auricular N (branch of cervical plexus).

Question 18

What nerve supplies the area of skin developed from frontonasal process ?

Answer 18

Opthalmic N.

Question 19

The maxillary N. innervates the areas of the skin of the face derived from what structure ?

Answer 19

Maxillary process of 1st pharyngeal arch.

Question 20

sensory innervation of the face: first division.

Answer 20

Question 21

Sensory innervation of the face : 2nd division.

Answer 21

Question 22

sensory innervation of the face : 3rd division.

Answer 22

Question 23

Overview of skin innervation of the face and scalp.

Answer 23

Question 24

2 main arterial blood supply of the FACE.

Answer 24

Facial A.
Superficial temporal A.

Question 25

Facial artery is a branch of what main artery ?

Answer 25

External carotid artery

Question 26

The facial artery ends by anastomosing with the terminal branch of what artery ?

Answer 26

Ophthalmic A.

Question 27

What are the 4 branches of the facial artery in the face region (not including the neck branches)

Answer 27

Inferior labial
Superior labial
Lateral nasal
Angular

Question 28

Superficial temporal artery is a branch of what main artery ?

Answer 28

external carotid

Question 29

Where does the superficial temporal artery start and what is the name of the specific branch that supplies the face ?

Answer 29

Parotid gland
Transverse facial artery

Question 30

The transverse facial vein joins the ________ in the parotid gland.

Answer 30

Superficial temporal vein.

Question 31

Which vein is this ? descends behind the artery to the lower margin of the mandible and crosses superficial to the submandibular glands?

Answer 31

Facial vein.

Question 32

Facial vein joins the anterior division of ________ and drains into the internal jugular vein.

Answer 32

Retromandibular vein.

Question 33

Facial vein is connected to the cavernous sinus directly through the _______.

Answer 33

Ophthalmic vein.

Question 34

Facial vein is connected to the pterygoid plexus through the ______.

Answer 34

Deep fascial vein.

Question 35

The pterygoid plexus of vein communicates with the cavernous sinus via _______.

Answer 35

Emissary veins.

Question 36

2 veins that can bring infection from upper lips and nose to the cavernous sinus :

Answer 36

Ophthalmic veins & deep facial vein.

Question 37

Lateral part of the face including lateral parts of eyelids drain to what lymph nodes ?

Answer 37

parotid lymph nodes

Question 38

Submandibular lymph nodes receives lymph from what structures?

Answer 38

Forehead and anterior part of the face.

Question 39

In what lymph nodes does the central part of the lower lip and skin of chin drain?

Answer 39

Submental lymph nodes.