Neck region

Question 1

Cutaneous innervation of the skin of the back of the neck up to vertex

Answer 1

Posterior rami of C2-C5

Question 2

Cutaneous innervation of the skin of the front & sides of neck

Answer 2

Anterior rami C2-C4

Question 3

Cutaneous innervation of the skin on the lateral part of the occipital region and medial surface of the auricle

Answer 3

Lesser occipital N.

Question 4

Cutaneous innervation of the skin over the angle of the mandible, parotid gland and on both surfaces of the auricle

Answer 4

Great auricular N.

Question 5

What does the transverse cutaneous nerve supply?

Answer 5

Skin of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the neck, from the body of the mandible to the sternum.

Question 6

What does the supraclavicular nerve supply?

Answer 6

Skin of the chest wall, over shoulder, upper half of deltoid, post aspect of the shoulder as far down as the spine of scapula.

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 7

Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer

Question 8

What can we find in the superficial fascia of the neck ?

Answer 8

Platysma
Superficial veins (external jugular V and tributaries)
Cutaneous nerves
Superficial lymph nodes

Question 9

What is the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of the platysma ?

Answer 9

Origin : deep fascia over pec major & deltoid
Insertion : body of mandible and angle of mouth
Nerve supply : facial N (cervical B.)
Action : tenses the skin & depresses the mandible and angle of the mouth.

Question 10

What forms the external jugular vein and where does it drain ?

Answer 10

The jugular vein begins just behind the angle of the mandible by the union of the posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein.
It drains into the subclavian v.

Question 11

6 tributaries of the external jugular vein.

Answer 11

Posterior auricular v.
Posterior branch of retromandibular v.
Posterior external jugular v.
Transverse cervical v.
Anterior jugular v.

Question 12

Fascia of the neck

Answer 12

https://www.osmosis.org/learn/Fascia_and_spaces_of_the_neck

Question 13

Point of reference for the spread of infection in periapical abcesses?

Answer 13

Mylohyoid line

Question 14

Lingula of the mandible serves for the attachment of what?

Answer 14

Sphenomandibular ligament.

Question 15

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles ?
‘‘Dig My Style its Genius’’

Answer 15

Digastric (Ant & post bellies)
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 16

Nerve supply of Mylohyoid muscles?

Answer 16

Nerve to mylohyoid (inferior alveolar N, branch of V3)

Question 17

Nerve supply of Geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 17

C1 (via Hypoglossal N)

Question 18

Nerve supply of digastric muscle anterior belly?

Answer 18

Nerve to Mylohyoid

Question 19

Nerve supply of digastric muscle posterior belly?

Answer 19

Facial N.

Question 20

Nerve supply of stylohyoid muscle?

Answer 20

Facial N.

Question 21

Action of suprahyoid muscles ?

Answer 21

Depress the mandible
Elevate the hyoid bone

Question 22

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles ?
‘‘TOSS’’

Answer 22

Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid (inf & sup bellies)
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

Question 23

All infrahyoid muscles are innervated by Ansa cervicalis. What is the exception ?

Answer 23

Thyrohyoid.
Innervated by C1 (via Hypoglossal N.)

Question 24

3 muscles that depress the hyoid bone ?

Answer 24

All infrahyoid muscles except Sternothyroid.

Question 25

What muscle of the infrahyoid group depresses the larynx?

Answer 25

Sternothyroid.

Question 26

What muscle of the infrahyoid group elevates the larynx in addition of depressing the hyoid bone ?

Answer 26

Thyrohyoid.

Question 27

Nerve supply of SCM & action (unilateral vs bilateral contractions) ?

Answer 27

CN XI.
Unilateral: pulls ear down to tip of shoulder on the same side so that the head rotates and look upward to opposite side.
Bilateral: extends head at atlanto-occipital joint & flexes the cervical part of the vertebral column.

Question 28

Contents of submental triangle.

Answer 28

Lymph nodes
Small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

Question 29

Contents of digastric triangle.

Answer 29

Submandibular gland & lymph nodes
Facial A. & V.
Hypoglossal N.
Nerve to mylohyoid

Question 30

Contents of carotid triangle.

Answer 30

Carotid sheath
Common carotid artery bifurcation
Branches of the external carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Int & ext laryngeal nerves
CN, 10, 11 and part of 12
Lymph nodes

Question 31

Contents of the muscular triangle.

Answer 31

Thyroid gland
Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus

Question 32

Contents of the posterior triangle.

Answer 32

Subclavian A.
Transverse cervical A.
Suprascapular A.
Occipital A.
External jugular vein and tributaries
Subclavian V.
Brachial plexus (roots & trunks and their branches)
CN XI
Branches of the cervical plexus

Question 33

Nerve point of the neck and 5 nerves that emerge at that point ?
‘‘Aby Left Georgia To Sign’’

Answer 33

Midpoint on posterior border of SCM.
Accessory N.
Lesser occipital N.
Greater auricular N.
Transverse cervical N.
Supraclavicular N.

Question 34

These nodes are situated along the external jugular vein & extend laterally along the spinal part of the accessory nerve.

Answer 34

Superficial cervical lymph nodes.

Question 35

Cervical plexus block landmark for anesthesia?

Answer 35

Midpoint posterior border of SCM.

Question 36

Drooping of the shoulder and inability to elevate and retract the shoulders is due to a lesion of what nerve ?

Answer 36

Lesion of the Accessory N.

Question 37

Name the 4 occipital muscles.

Answer 37

Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior

Question 38

Nerve supply & action of the 4 suboccipital muscles

Answer 38

All 4 muscles are innervated by the posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital N. They act on the head directly or indirectly by extending it on vertebra C1 and rotating it on vertebrae C1 & C2.