Scalp

Question 1

The scalp is the part of the head that extends from

Answer 1

the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly

Question 2

Laterally the scalp continues inferiorly to the

Answer 2

Zygomatic arch

Question 3

“SCALP”

Answer 3

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium

Question 4

Scalp proper

Answer 4

SCA

Question 5

from which head hair grows; richly supplied with blood vessels

Answer 5

Skin

Question 6

a thin layer of fat and fibrous tissue lies beneath the skin

Answer 6

Connective tissue

Question 7

epicranial aponeurosis (or galea aponeurotica); a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from the frontalis muscle anteriorly to the occipitalis posteriorly connecting the two

Answer 7

Aponeurosis

Question 8

provides an easy plane of separation between the upper three layers and the pericranium

Answer 8

Loose areolar connective tissue

Question 9

“Danger Zone” because of the ease by which infectious agents can spread through it to emissary veins which then drain into the cranium

Answer 9

Loose connective tissue

Question 10

contains the major blood vessels of the scalp, which bleed profusely upon injury, partly due to the absence of venous valves found in the circulation below the neck

Answer 10

Loose areolar tissue

Question 11

the periosteum of the skull bones and provides nutrition to the bone and the capacity for repair

Answer 11

Pericranium

Question 12

may be lifted from the bone to allow removal of bone windows (craniotomy)

Answer 12

Pericranium

Question 13

clinically important layer

Answer 13

Aponeurosis

Question 14

Scalp lacerations through this layer mean that the “anchoring” of the superficial layers is lost and gaping of the wound occurs; this requires suturing

Answer 14

Aponeurosis

Question 15

the muscle of the scalp

Answer 15

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 16

Action of the frontal portion of the epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 16

lies across the forehead and raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

Question 17

Action of the occipital portion of the epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 17

located at the base of the skull and draws the scalp backwards

Question 18

thin quadrilateral muscle that is intimately adherent to the superficial fascia

Answer 18

Frontalis

Question 19

Action of the frontalis muscle

Answer 19

Draws the scalp forward, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles the skin of the forehead horizontally

Question 20

Blood supply of the scalp

Answer 20

5 pairs of arteries, 2 from the internal carotid and 3 from the external carotid

Question 21

Located at midline forehead; is a branch of ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery

Answer 21

Supratrochlear artery

Question 22

lateral forehead and scalp as far up as the vertex; is a branch of ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery.

Answer 22

Supraorbital artery

Question 23

gives frontal and parietal branches to supply much of the scalp

Answer 23

superficial temporal artery

Question 24

runs from posteriorly to supply much of the back of the scalp

Answer 24

Occipital artery

Question 25

a branch of the external carotid artery , ascends behind the auricle to supply the scalp above and behind the auricle

Answer 25

Posterior auricular artery

Question 26

scalp bleeding is predominantly arterial, because of two reasons:

Answer 26

• in the erect position the venous pressure is extremely low
• the vessels do not retract when lacerated because the connective tissue in which they are found prevents retraction

Question 27

The scalp is innervated by the following

Answer 27

• Supratrochlear nerve and the supraorbital nerve from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
• Greater occipital nerve (C2) posteriorly up to the vertex
• Lesser occipital nerve (C3) behind the ear.
• Zygomaticotemporal nerve from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supplying the hairless temple
• Auriculotemporal nerve from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 28

the part of the head that extends from the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly

Answer 28

Scalp