Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

The scalp is the part of the head that extends from

A

the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly

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2
Q

Laterally the scalp continues inferiorly to the

A

Zygomatic arch

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3
Q

“SCALP”

A
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
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4
Q

Scalp proper

A

SCA

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5
Q

from which head hair grows; richly supplied with blood vessels

A

Skin

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6
Q

a thin layer of fat and fibrous tissue lies beneath the skin

A

Connective tissue

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7
Q

epicranial aponeurosis (or galea aponeurotica); a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which runs from the frontalis muscle anteriorly to the occipitalis posteriorly connecting the two

A

Aponeurosis

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8
Q

provides an easy plane of separation between the upper three layers and the pericranium

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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9
Q

“Danger Zone” because of the ease by which infectious agents can spread through it to emissary veins which then drain into the cranium

A

Loose connective tissue

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10
Q

contains the major blood vessels of the scalp, which bleed profusely upon injury, partly due to the absence of venous valves found in the circulation below the neck

A

Loose areolar tissue

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11
Q

the periosteum of the skull bones and provides nutrition to the bone and the capacity for repair

A

Pericranium

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12
Q

may be lifted from the bone to allow removal of bone windows (craniotomy)

A

Pericranium

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13
Q

clinically important layer

A

Aponeurosis

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14
Q

Scalp lacerations through this layer mean that the “anchoring” of the superficial layers is lost and gaping of the wound occurs; this requires suturing

A

Aponeurosis

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15
Q

the muscle of the scalp

A

Epicranial aponeurosis

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16
Q

Action of the frontal portion of the epicranial aponeurosis

A

lies across the forehead and raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

17
Q

Action of the occipital portion of the epicranial aponeurosis

A

located at the base of the skull and draws the scalp backwards

18
Q

thin quadrilateral muscle that is intimately adherent to the superficial fascia

19
Q

Action of the frontalis muscle

A

Draws the scalp forward, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles the skin of the forehead horizontally

20
Q

Blood supply of the scalp

A

5 pairs of arteries, 2 from the internal carotid and 3 from the external carotid

21
Q

Located at midline forehead; is a branch of ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery

A

Supratrochlear artery

22
Q

lateral forehead and scalp as far up as the vertex; is a branch of ophthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery.

A

Supraorbital artery

23
Q

gives frontal and parietal branches to supply much of the scalp

A

superficial temporal artery

24
Q

runs from posteriorly to supply much of the back of the scalp

A

Occipital artery

25
a branch of the external carotid artery , ascends behind the auricle to supply the scalp above and behind the auricle
Posterior auricular artery
26
scalp bleeding is predominantly arterial, because of two reasons:
* in the erect position the venous pressure is extremely low * the vessels do not retract when lacerated because the connective tissue in which they are found prevents retraction
27
The scalp is innervated by the following
* Supratrochlear nerve and the supraorbital nerve from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve * Greater occipital nerve (C2) posteriorly up to the vertex * Lesser occipital nerve (C3) behind the ear. * Zygomaticotemporal nerve from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supplying the hairless temple * Auriculotemporal nerve from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
28
the part of the head that extends from the superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly
Scalp