Bones Of The Neck Flashcards
Markings/characteristics of the C3-C6 vertebrae
- uncinate process
- spinal foramina
- transverse foramina
- bifid spinous process
Uncinate process
hook-shaped process on the lateral borders of the superior surface of the vertebral bodies of the 3rd to the 7th cervical vertebrae and 1st thoracic vertebra
prevents a vertebra from sliding backwards off the vertebra below it; limits lateral flexion
Uncinate process
also called uncovertebral joints; are formed between uncinate processes above, & uncus below
Luschka’s joints
allow for flexion and extension; limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine
Luschka’s joint
pierces the transverse processes of the 7 cervical vertebrae
Transverse foramina
in the upper 6 vertebrae, the transverse foramina allows passage for the
- vertebral artery
- vertebral vein
- plexus of sympathetic nerves
Transverse foramina in the 7th vertebrae, allows passage of the
Vertebral vein
Sympathetic nerves
• absent body & spinous process
C1/ atlas
supports the skull- superior articular facets receive the occipital condyles
C1/ atlas
flexion and extension of neck- nodding the head “yes”
C1/ atlas
projects superiorly from the body of C2 and is cradled in the anterior arch of the atlas
Odontoid process/ dens
Articular processes of the C2/axis
short articular processes • upper facets face upwards & backwards • lower facets face downwards & forwards
Participates in rotating the head from side to side- Shaking the head to indicate “no”
c2/ axis
- dens
Known as the vertebra prominens because its spinous process is easily palpated
C7
Suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments
Hyoid bone
Highly movable and strong bony anchor for a number of muscles and soft tissue structures in the head and neck.
Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is attached to
• superiorly- floor of the oral
cavity
• inferiorly- larynx
• posteriorly- pharynx
Superior attachment of the hyoid bone
Floor of the oral cavity
Inferior attachment of the hyoid bone
Larynx
Posterior attachment of the hyoid bone
Pharynx
it is at the interface between 3 dynamic compartments.
Hyoid bone
5 segments of the hyoid bone
- a body
- two greater cornua (horn)
- two lesser cornua (horn)
The body of the hyoid bone has the following parts
- Anterior surface
- Posterior surface
- Upper border
- Lower border
- Transverse ridge
Crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.
Body of the hyoid bone
Anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone
convex and directed forward and upward
Posterior surface of the hyoid bone
smooth, concave, directed backward and downward, and separated from the epiglottis by the thyrohyoid membrane and a quantity of loose areolar tissue
The upper border of the body of the hyoid membrane gives attachment to
the thyrohyoid membrane and some aponeurotic fibers of the Genioglossus
Insertions of the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone
Medially - sternohyoideus
Laterally - omohyoideus, thyrohyoideus (occasionally)
Medial insertion of the lower border of the hyoid bone
Sternohyoideus
Lateral insertion of the lateral border of the body of the hyoid bone
Omohyoideus, thyrohyoideus
The posterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone gives attachment to
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Project backward from the lateral borders of the body; They are flattened from above downward and diminish in size from before backward
Greater cornua
Each of the Greater cornua ends in a tubercle to which is fixed the
lateral hyothyroid ligament
Two small, conical eminences, attached by their bases to the angles of junction between the body and greater cornua
Lesser cornua
The lesser cornua are connected to the body of the bone by fibrous tissue, and occasionally to the greater cornua by
Diarthrodial joints
Largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton
Thyroid cartilage
Cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx
Thyroid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage is composed of two plate-like laminae that
fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the ——
Laryngeal prominence
lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence
Superior thyroid notch
notch inferior to the thyroid angle
Inferior thyroid notch
The posterior border of the thyroid cartilage is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form
Superior and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea
Cricoid cartilage/ cricoid
The cricoid cartilage is located where
Inferior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck
The cricoid cartilage is joined to the thyroid cartilage medially by the
Median cricothyroid ligaments
The cricoid is attached to the thyroid cartilage postero-laterally by the
Cricothyroid joints
Anterior part of the cricoid
Band
posterior part of the cricoid that is slightly broader than the anterior and lateral parts
Lamina
During intubation, pressing on the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus behind it so as to prevent gastric reflux from occurring
Sellick manoeuvre
Cricoid pressure is often used to improve the view of the glottis during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, rather than to prevent regurgitation,
“BURP” (Backwards Upwards Rightwards Pressure) manoeuvre
an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during life-threatening situations, such as
• airway obstruction by a foreign body
• angioedema
• massive facial trauma
cricothyrotomy (emergency airway puncture)
distinguished with an oval body, short spinous processes, and large, triangular vertebral foramina
C3-C7
