Bones Of The Neck Flashcards by Maeraquel Villaruz

Markings/characteristics of the C3-C6 vertebrae

uncinate process
spinal foramina
transverse foramina
bifid spinous process

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Uncinate process

hook-shaped process on the lateral borders of the superior surface of the vertebral bodies of the 3rd to the 7th cervical vertebrae and 1st thoracic vertebra

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prevents a vertebra from sliding backwards off the vertebra below it; limits lateral flexion

Uncinate process

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also called uncovertebral joints; are formed between uncinate processes above, & uncus below

Luschka’s joints

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allow for flexion and extension; limit lateral flexion in the cervical spine

Luschka’s joint

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pierces the transverse processes of the 7 cervical vertebrae

Transverse foramina

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in the upper 6 vertebrae, the transverse foramina allows passage for the

vertebral artery
vertebral vein
plexus of sympathetic nerves

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Transverse foramina in the 7th vertebrae, allows passage of the

Vertebral vein

Sympathetic nerves

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• absent body & spinous process

C1/ atlas

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supports the skull- superior articular facets receive the occipital condyles

C1/ atlas

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flexion and extension of neck- nodding the head “yes”

C1/ atlas

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projects superiorly from the body of C2 and is cradled in the anterior arch of the atlas

Odontoid process/ dens

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Articular processes of the C2/axis

short articular processes 
• upper facets face upwards &amp; 
backwards
• lower facets face downwards &amp; 
forwards

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Participates in rotating the head from side to side- Shaking the head to indicate “no”

c2/ axis

dens

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Known as the vertebra prominens because its spinous process is easily palpated

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Suspended from the tips of the styloid processes of the temporal bones by the stylohyoid ligaments

Hyoid bone

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Highly movable and strong bony anchor for a number of muscles and soft tissue structures in the head and neck.

Hyoid bone

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The hyoid bone is attached to

• superiorly- floor of the oral
cavity
• inferiorly- larynx
• posteriorly- pharynx

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Superior attachment of the hyoid bone

Floor of the oral cavity

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Inferior attachment of the hyoid bone

Larynx

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Posterior attachment of the hyoid bone

Pharynx

it is at the interface between 3 dynamic compartments.

Hyoid bone

5 segments of the hyoid bone

a body
two greater cornua (horn)
two lesser cornua (horn)

The body of the hyoid bone has the following parts

Anterior surface
Posterior surface
Upper border
Lower border
Transverse ridge

Crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.

Body of the hyoid bone

Anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone

convex and directed forward and upward

Posterior surface of the hyoid bone

smooth, concave, directed backward and downward, and separated from the epiglottis by the thyrohyoid membrane and a quantity of loose areolar tissue

The upper border of the body of the hyoid membrane gives attachment to

the thyrohyoid membrane and some aponeurotic fibers of the Genioglossus

Insertions of the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone

Medially - sternohyoideus | Laterally - omohyoideus, thyrohyoideus (occasionally)

Medial insertion of the lower border of the hyoid bone

Sternohyoideus

Lateral insertion of the lateral border of the body of the hyoid bone

Omohyoideus, thyrohyoideus

The posterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone gives attachment to

Geniohyoid | Mylohyoid

Project backward from the lateral borders of the body; They are flattened from above downward and diminish in size from before backward

Greater cornua

Each of the Greater cornua ends in a tubercle to which is fixed the

lateral hyothyroid ligament

Two small, conical eminences, attached by their bases to the angles of junction between the body and greater cornua

Lesser cornua

The lesser cornua are connected to the body of the bone by fibrous tissue, and occasionally to the greater cornua by

Diarthrodial joints

Largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton

Thyroid cartilage

Cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx

Thyroid cartilage

The thyroid cartilage is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the ------

Laryngeal prominence

lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence

Superior thyroid notch

notch inferior to the thyroid angle

Inferior thyroid notch

The posterior border of the thyroid cartilage is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form

Superior and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea

Cricoid cartilage/ cricoid

The cricoid cartilage is located where

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage in the neck

The cricoid cartilage is joined to the thyroid cartilage medially by the

Median cricothyroid ligaments

The cricoid is attached to the thyroid cartilage postero-laterally by the

Cricothyroid joints

Anterior part of the cricoid

Band

posterior part of the cricoid that is slightly broader than the anterior and lateral parts

Lamina

During intubation, pressing on the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus behind it so as to prevent gastric reflux from occurring

Sellick manoeuvre

Cricoid pressure is often used to improve the view of the glottis during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, rather than to prevent regurgitation,

"BURP" (Backwards Upwards Rightwards Pressure) manoeuvre

an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during life-threatening situations, such as • airway obstruction by a foreign body • angioedema • massive facial trauma

cricothyrotomy (emergency airway puncture)

distinguished with an oval body, short spinous processes, and large, triangular vertebral foramina

C3-C7