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Theory of Architecture > Scale and Proportion > Flashcards

Scale and Proportion Flashcards

1
Q

The proper or
harmonious
relation of one part
to another or to the
whole

A

PROPORTION

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2
Q

In PROPORTION, Relationship may be of..?

A

magnitude,
quantity or degree

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3
Q

usually has a range of choices
when determining the proportions of things,
some are given to us by the nature of
materials, by how building elements respond
to forces, and by how things are made

A

The designer

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4
Q
  • Ratio of stress to strain for a certain material
  • Elasticity, hardness and durability
  • They all have an ultimate strength beyond
    which they cannot extend themselves without
    fracturing, breaking, or collapsing
A

Material proportion

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5
Q

have rational
proportions that are
dictated by their
inherent strengths
and weaknesses

A

All materials

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6
Q
  • Size of structural elements are directly related
    to the task they perform
A

Structural proportion

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7
Q

are called upon to
span spaces and
transmit their loads
through vertical
supports to the
foundation system
of a building

A

Structural elements

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8
Q

form a skeletal structural
framework that defines modules of space.

A

Beams and columns

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9
Q

articulate space and give it scale and a
hierarchical structure.

A

columns and
beams by their size and proportion

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10
Q

Standard sizes imposed by manufacturers or
industry standards

A

Manufactured Proportion

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11
Q

Many architectural elements are sized and
proportioned not only according to their
structural properties and function, but also by..?

A

the process through which they are
manufactured

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12
Q

the standard sizes and proportions of factoryproduced elements affect the

A

size, proportion,
and spacing of other materials as well.

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13
Q
  • The physical dimensions of architecture and of
    proportion and scale is imprecise
A

PROPORTIONING SYSTEMS

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14
Q

The transactional process by which we
experience the world

A

Perception and Design

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15
Q

Perception and Design are distorted by

A

foreshortening of perspective
and distance and by cultural biases

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16
Q

inherited from evolution,
culture and experience

A

Prejudices

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17
Q

influence all our
perceptions

A

Our developing attitudes

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18
Q

establishes a consistent set of visual
relationships between the parts of a building, as well as
between the parts and the whole

A

Proportioning system

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19
Q

can be
sensed, accepted, or even recognized through a series of
repetitive experiences

A

visual order

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20
Q

still has the ability to control the
proportion of the forms and spaces within and
around a building.

A

The designer

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21
Q

go beyond the functional
and technical determinants of architectural form
and space to provide an aesthetic rationale for
their dimensions.

A

Proportioning systems

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22
Q

can visually unify the multiplicity of elements in
an architectural design by having all of its parts belong
to the same family of proportions.

A

Proportioning systems

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23
Q

They can provide a sense of order in, and heighten the
continuity of, a sequence of spaces.

A

Proportioning systems

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24
Q

They can establish relationships between the exterior
and interior elements of a building.

A

Proportioning systems

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25
Q

The ratio of the smaller to the larger is the same as
the ratio of the larger to the whole

A

Golden Section

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26
Q
  • Greeks recognized the dominating role the Golden
    Section played in the proportions of the human body.
  • Renaissance architects also explored the Golden
    Section in their work.
A

Golden Section

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27
Q

Le Corbusier based his Modulor system on the

A

Golden Section

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28
Q

Another progression that closely approximates the
Golden Section in whole numbers is the

A

Fibonacci
Series: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55 . . . .

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29
Q
  • The basic unit of
    dimension was the
    diameter of the column
  • All the parts of any one
    building were
    proportionate and n
    harmony with one
    another
A

Classic Orders

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30
Q

6 diameters

A

TUSCAN ORDER

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31
Q

7 diameters

A

DORIC ORDER

32
Q

8 - 1/3 diameters but 2 and 1/4 D Entablature and 1/2 D Capital

A

IONIC ORDER

33
Q

8 1/3 diameters but 2 and 1/2 D Entablature and 7/6 D Capital

A

CORINTHIAN/COMPOSITE ORDER

34
Q

1 ½ d

A

Pycnostyle

35
Q

2 d

A

Systyle

36
Q

2 ¼ d

A
  • Eustyle
37
Q

3 d

A

Diastyle

38
Q

4 d

A

Araeostyle

39
Q

Architecture was
mathematics translated
into spatial units

A

Renaissance Theories

40
Q

Seven ideal plan shape
for rooms

A

– 1:√2
– 2:3
– 3:4
– 3:5
– 1:2

41
Q

Height of room
would be in proper
proportion with its
width and length

A

Renaissance Theories

42
Q

*The height of rooms
with flat ceilings would
be equal to their width.
* The height of square
rooms with vaulted
ceilings would be onethird greater than their
width.

A

Renaissance Theories

43
Q

Beauty will result from the
form and correspondence
of the whole, with respect
to the several parts, of the
parts with regard to each
other, and of these again to
the whole; that a structure
may appear an entire and
complete body, wherein
each member agrees with
the other and all necessary
to compose what you
intend to form

According to? and what theory?

A

Andrea Palladio, Renaissance Theories

44
Q

“the
dimensions of that
which contains and that
which is contained”

A

Le Corbusier

45
Q

Based his measuring
tool on both
mathematics and the
proportions of a human
body

A

Modulor

46
Q

(Modulor) Basic grid consist of

A

113, 70, 43 cm proportioned
according to the golden section
43+70=113 113+70=183 113+70+43=226(2x113)

47
Q

the traditional Japanese unit of measure

A

Shaku

48
Q

Almost equivalent to the English foot and divisible into decimal units

A

Shaku

49
Q

originally used simply to designate the interval between two columns and varied in size

A

Shaku

50
Q

“Absolute measurement”

A

ken

51
Q

Two methods of designing with the ken modular grid developed that affected its dimension.

A

Inaka-ma and Kyo-ma

52
Q

In ken, the size of your room depends on what?

A

the number of floor mats

53
Q

was originally proportioned to accommodate two persons sitting or one person sleeping

A

Japanese traditional floor mats

54
Q

In a typical Japanese residence, what orders the structure as well as the additive, space-to-space sequence of rooms.

A

the ken

55
Q

refers to the measurement of the size and proportions of the human body

A

Anthropometry

56
Q

its proportioning methods does not seek abstract or symbolic ratios, but functional ones.

A

Anthropometry

57
Q

The applied science that coordinates the design of devices, systems, and environments with our physiological and psychological capacities and requirements

A

Ergonomics

58
Q

affect the volume of space we require for movement, activity, and rest.

A

The dimension of the human body

59
Q

What is the fit between space and the human body when we sit in a chair, lean against a railing, or nestle within an alcove space

A

static fit

60
Q

What is the fit between space and the human body when we as when we enter a building’s foyer, walk up a stairway, or move through the rooms and halls of a building.

A

Dynamic fit

61
Q

Third type of fit

A

How a space accommodates our need to maintain appropriate social distances and to
have control over our personal space.

62
Q

refers to how we perceive or judge the size of something in relation to something else.

A

Scale

63
Q

Refers not to the actual dimensions of
things, but rather to how small or large something appears to be in relation to its normal size or to the size of other things in its context.

A

Visual scale

64
Q

mean that thing appears to be smaller than its usual size.

A

Small-scale or miniature

65
Q

perceived as being larger than what is normal or expected

A

Large scale

66
Q

we refer to the size of a project in the context of a city

A

Urban scale

67
Q

we judge a building appropriate to its locale within a city

A

Neighborhood scale

68
Q

we note the relative sizes of elements fronting a roadway

A

Street scale

69
Q

the size or proportion of something relative to an accepted standard of measurement.

A

Mechanical scale

70
Q

the size or proportion an element appears to have relative to other elements of known or assumed size.

A

Visual scale

71
Q

Based on the dimensions and proportions of the human body

A

Human scale

72
Q

makes us feel small in comparison

A

Monumental scale

73
Q

describes an environment in which we feel comfortable, in control, or important

A

Intimate scale

74
Q

Of a room’s three dimensions, what has a greater effect on its scale than the other dimensions?

A

height

75
Q

In addition to the vertical dimension of a space, other factors that affect its scale are:

A

– the shape, color, and pattern of its bounding surfaces
– the shape and disposition of its openings
– the nature and scale of the elements placed within it

Theory of Architecture (6 decks)

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