SC5iv - EQUILIBRIA Flashcards
dynamic equilibrium definition
rate of forward reaction = rate of reverse reaction
it appears as if the reaction is static
exothermic definition
gives out heat energy
endothermic definition
takes in heat energy
if a reversible reaction is exothermic in the forward direction, it will be ___________ in the reverse direction
endothermic
factors that change equilibrium position (3)
- temperature
- pressure
- concentration
if the concentration of a reactant is increased the equilibrium will ________
shift to the side with the products
-> more products are made to use the reactants up
if the concentration of products is decreased the equilibrium will ________
shift to the side with the products
-> more products are made to replace them
if pressure is increased equilibrium will ________
shift to the side of the reaction with less molecules of gas to reduce the pressure
if temperature is decreased the equilibrium will ________
shift to the side that produces heat to heat it up
Haber process definition
the industrial process used to make ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen and hydrogen
(Haber process) nitrogen gas comes from ________
fractional distillation of air
(Haber process) hydrogen gas comes from ________
methane
temperature needed for Haber process and why
450°C (low)
the forward reaction is exothermic so more ammonia is formed at a lower temperature
pressure needed for Haber process and why
200 atmosphere pressure (high)
more gas molecules on the reactants side so more ammonia is formed at a high pressure
catalyst needed for Haber process
iron
speeds up rate of reaction
