SC5+SC6+SC7 bonding and types of substances Flashcards
what is electronic configuration
the way in which an atoms electrons are arranged
what does the period number represent
the number of shells
what does the group number represent
the number of electrons
what do compounds ending with -ate have within them
they have 3 or more elements on of which is water
what do compounds ending with -ide have in them
they have 2 or more elements one of which is water
what are ionic compounds
ionic compounds are compounds held together using strong ionic bonds
what are ionic lattices
a 3d structure formed from oppositley charged particles
what are the properties of ionic compounds
high melting + boiling points
doesnt conduct electricity unless molten or in an aqueas solution because of its rigid structure which cannot move and electricity is the flow of particles
larger ionic charges produce stronger bonds and therefore have even higher melting/boiling points
brittle and can shatter when hit because same charges repell one another
what is covalant bonding
between two non metals
they share the electrons
can be between atoms of the same element
often seen in hydrogen
what are simple covelant molecules
molecules which contain a few atoms held together with strong covelant bonds
what are the properties of covelant bonds
low melting and boiling points due to weak intermollecular forces
poor electrical conductors since current is a flow of charged particles and since they do not have an overall charge current cannot flow
describe polymers vs monomers
polymers
joined by covelant bonds
high melting and boiling points
many individual units joined together
monomers
joined by covelant bonds
small simple molecules
low melting and boiling points
name the 4 allotropes of carbon
fullerenes
graphene
graphite
diamond
describe the properties of fullerenes
simple molecular
-each carbon atom has bonds to 3 other carbons
-weak intermolecular forces
- insulator of electricity
-low melting point
- soft and slippery
describe the properties of Graphene
giant covelant
-a single sheet of carbon
-one atom thick
-covelant bonds make it extemely strong
-conducts electricity due to free flow of electrons across its surface
-high melting point
describe the properties of graphite
giant covelant
-weak intermolecular forces between layers (lubricant)
-high melting point
-good conductor
-it has delocalised electrons as it has 3 bonds
describe the properties of diamond
giant covelant
- very hard and strong
- has 4 bonds and so is an insulator
-very rigid
what are the properties of metals
the atoms are in a tightly packed layers which form lattice structure
the outer electrons are delocalised as they are seperated from the metal to form a ‘sea of electrons’
they conduct heat and electricity as when a metal is heated the delocalised electrons gain kinetic energy and transfer the energy through the metal as they are moving faster
strong but not brittle as when a metal is hit the layers of metal ions are able to slide over one another because electrons are free to move around the metalic bonds so they do not break
ductile
good conductors
high density
shiny until oxidisation
high melting / poiling points
strong/high tensile strength
hard
What is metalic bonding
metals bond to form a giant lattice
the outer atoms lose electrons that flow freely and form a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons. this attraction is strong
as the number of delocalised electrons increaces so does the electrical conductivity
