SC3 & SC4

Question 1

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

What are electrons?

Answer 2

They move around the nucleus in electron shells
Negatively charged
Mass nearly nothing
Atom mostly empty space

Question 3

What does the nucleus (in the middle of an atom) contain?

Answer 3

Protons and neutrons

The nucleus contains nearly all the mass of an atom

Question 4

What are protons?

Answer 4

Positively charged

Has a relative mass of 1

Question 5

What are neutrons?

Answer 5

They have a neutral charge

Has a relative mass of 1

Question 6

What was the original order for elements in the periodic table?

Answer 6

They were originally placed in order of the masses of their atom

Question 7

What is the order for elements in the periodic table now?

Answer 7

The modern periodic table places the elements in order of the number of protons in the atom

Question 8

What is the atomic number?

Answer 8

The number of protons in an atom

All the atoms in a particular element have the same unique atomic number

Question 9

What is the mass number(atomic mass)?

Answer 9

The number of protons + neutrons

Question 10

How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom?

Answer 10

The number of electrons always equal the number of protons

This is why atoms are neutral

Question 11

How is the charge of protons and electrons related?

Answer 11

They’re both the same size but opposite (protons positive, electrons negative)

Question 12

What happens to the charge in ions?

Answer 12

In an ion, the number of protons don’t equal the number of electrons

E.g. an ion with 2- charge = 2 more electrons than protons

Question 13

What is an isotope?

Answer 13

An isotope is a version of an element with different numbers of neutrons

They have the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 14

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 14

It is the average mass of all that element, compared to carbon having a mass of -12

Question 15

Why is the RAM of helium if it’s mass is -4?

Answer 15

The RAM would be 4 as its 1/3 of carbon (-12)

Question 16

How do you calculate RAM?

Answer 16

RAM= total number of atoms/the number of atoms

Question 17

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table?

Answer 17

He rearrange these elements in order of increasing relative atomic masses but left gaps in his table as he not always keep to this order

Question 18

How did his assumption that new elements would continue to be discovered, help him to place existing ones?

Answer 18

Vertical columns= elements with increasing relative atomic mass
Horizontal rows= elements with similar chemical properties

Question 19

What did Moseley discover after he showed that it was an elements physical property that gave its position in the periodic table?

Answer 19

For every increase in tonic number, there was a step in change in the energy of those X-Rays

Realised atomic number=number of positive charges in the nucleus

Question 20

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

Answer 20

Elements in row or period are in order of increasing atomic number
Elements with similar properties are in same column or group
Non metals are on the right of the table

Question 21

What is the maximum number each shell can hold?

Answer 21

The first shell can contain up to 2 electrons

The second and third shell can contain up to 8 electrons

Question 22

How are electron configurations and the periodic table related?

Answer 22

The number of occupied shells is equal to the period number

The number of shells in the outer shell is equal to the group number