SC22 Hydrocarbons Flashcards
What are alkanes?
A family of organic compounds (a homologous series) whose molecules contain a
hydrocarbon chain with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds in their molecules are saturated hydrocarbons. They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for the number of carbon atoms.
Saturated molecules = hydrocarbons with C-C single bonds.
How do we distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?
Laboratory test : (also called ‘unsaturation test’)
Add a small volume of (brown) bromine water
(formed by dissolving bromine in water)
to a small amount of the alkane or alkene
in a test tube and shake.
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons with double bonds in their molecules are unsaturated hydrocarbons. The carbon-carbon bond is not ‘saturated’ because it is not bonded to the maximum number of other atoms.
Unsaturated molecules = hydrocarbons with one C=C double bond
What are ISOMERS?
molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.
What are addition reactions?
a reaction in which reactants combine to form one larger product molecule and no other products
