SBAs Flashcards
Which cancer can the Bruton Tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib be used in?
a. Bruton’s
b. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
c. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
d. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
e. Chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia (CLL)
CLL
Bruton’s is not a cancer!!
A Rhesus D negative woman is having a Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and is CMV IgG negative. What is the most important thing to ensure in the transplant?
a. HLA of donor and recipient identical
b. Related to recipient and HLA identical
c. HLA haploidentical
d. CMV IgG negative
e. Donor not Rhesus match
CMV IgG negative
Mechanism of Graft vs Host disease
Lymphocytes from donor blood attack host tissues.
HIV RNA forms HIV, via which error prone enzyme?
a. RNA polymerase
b. DNA polymerase
c. RNA transcriptase
d. Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
Which vaccine must not be given to a pregnant woman
MMR - contains live rubella vaccine
Which cell in the body binds to MHC1 presenting cells
CD8+ cells (aka Killer T cells, T-killer cells, cytotoxic cells, CD8+ T cells)
which biologic treatment can be used to treat some malignancies and affects T cell activity?
Rituximab - targets B cells and causes inactivation of T cells
10 yo Nigerian boy with a neck swelling. Staining shows a starry sky appearance
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Which of these is a common finding in someone who has portal hypertension?
a. Splenomegaly
b. Hepatomegaly
c. Spider Naevi in distribution of Superior vena cava (SVC)
d. Hand flapping
e. Jaundice
Splenomegaly - blood gets backed up into spleen due to cirrhosis
Which cancer does asbestos cause?
Mesothelioma
Recurrent mouth/lip swelling following dental procedures. Doesn’t get better with antihistamines. Is on ACE inhibitors.
C1 inhibitor deficiency - hereditary angioedema
Where do transitional cell cancers metastasise from?
Bladder
Most specific marker for Rheumatoid arthritis
Anti-cyclic citrullinated protein
Most common benign ovarian tumour in those over 25
Serous cystadenoma
Most common malignant tumour in those over 25
Serous carcinoma
Most common benign ovarian tumour in those under 25
Teratoma / dermoid cyst
Anti thrombotic factor secreted by the wall of vessels
Thrombomodulin
Best investigation to confirm suspected Cushing’s
High dose dexamethasone suppression test
Vector for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (African sleeping sickness)
Tsetse fly
Number of true positives divided by total number of those who have the disease
Sensitivity
non-chronic hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Anti-coagulation used in pregnancy
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Can cause peri/neonatal illness without causing damage to the foetus if mother is infected antenatally
Enterovirus
Child/infant with nephrotic syndrome
minimal change disease
Someone of African American or Hispanic ethnicity with nephrotic syndrome
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
child presents with cola-coloured urine and periorbital swelling. They had a throat infection 2 weeks ago
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
haematuria, oiliguria and low GFR. Light micrscopy shows a crescent shape in the glomeruli.
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
50 yo man with a midshaft femur fracture - what cancer has caused this?
chondrosarcoma
if young person them osteosarcoma (sunburst appearance on xray) or ewing’s if malignant (“onion-skin” appearance on xray)
most common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas aregenosa
Most common cause of jaundice and fever in the returning traveller
malaria
liver biopsy reveals portal hepatitis and granulomatous destruction of the bile ducts
Primary biliary cholangitis (anti-mitrochondrial antibodies)
smudge cells
CLL
