Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mixed notes year 3 > sba mistakes > Flashcards

sba mistakes Flashcards

1
Q

raised serum amylase causes

A

acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

why is oxygen given pre op

A

to increase time to desaturation and because of reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) under anaesthesia
increase oxygen reserves in order to prevent hypoxemia during apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does squamous cell carcinoma present

A

ill defined edges, ulceration, and tenderness, usually looking like a fleshy growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

melanoma presentation

A

flat, and different in colour and progresses from a mole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basal cell carcinoma presentation

A

round and skin-coloured with blood vessels visible and a pearly rolled edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

steps for approach for organ transplantation

A

Careful ABO and HLA cross-matching is the most important initial step to take before doing a transplantation

Taking immunosuppressants would come second to that

The donor should be selected with as close as possible HLA match to the recipient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does kidney failure affect calcium levels

A

kidneys are less able to make active vitamin D. Without enough active vitamin D, you absorb less calcium so hypocalcaemia

PTH will be highly activated in this case taking calcium from the bones and causing renal bone disease i.e. due to secondary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how kidney failure affect phosphate levels

A

Low eGFR causes serum phosphate to increase because the kidney cant excrete it any longer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

difference between polymyalgia rheumatica and polymyositis

A

proximal weakness of upper and lower limbs

struggles to lift arms above the shoulder level and to stand from sitting unaided

Polymyositis develops over weeks

Polymyalgia Rheumatica develops acutely

Polymyalgia Rheumatica would present with very similar symptoms however there is no raised creatine kinase and on top of that, it also comes with the possibility of fever, anaemia and weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal

A

chlordiazepoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

wernickes encephalopathy presentation

A

Confusion
Gait Ataxia
Opthalmoplegia
paralysis of extraocular muscles; CN 3, 4, 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

aplastic crisis sickle cell

A

when a patient with sickle cell has an infection with parvovirus

rash experienced a few weeks ago

fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vit B 12 physiology

A

Vitamin B12 is only absorbed in the ileum upon binding with intrinsic factor which is produced in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Huntington’s presentation

A
  • chorea — jerking movements
  • athetosis — slow writhing involuntary movements
  • myoclonus — sudden brief involuntary twitching of muscles
    PLUS cognitive and personality and psychiatric changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A
  • Bilateral late-onset cataract
  • Muscle weakness, stiffness, prolonged contractions (myotonia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when is bnp used

A

heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hypertension management in over 55 years

A

Start CCB
If they have T2DM use ACEIs or ARB instead of CCB

Add Thiazide-type diuretic (e.g. Indapamide)

Add ACEIs or ARB
If black then use an ARB instead of A.

Add Beta-blocker

Add one of the less commonly used agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hypertension management if below 55 years

A

Start ACEIs or ARB
If female of child bearing age start CCB (e.g. nifedipine) or Beta Blocker (e.g. labetolol) because ACEIs are teratogenic
If black of African or African-Caribbean descent use ARB instead of ACEis due to risk of angioedema
If presenting with dry cough do not use ACEis. use ARB

Add Thiazide type diuretic (e.g. Indapamide)

Add Calcium channel blocker

Add Beta-blocker

Add one of the less commonly used agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anankastia

A

perfectionism and emotional and behavioural constraint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

five minimum standards of monitoring during general anaesthesia

A
  • 3 lead ECG
  • Oxygen sats
  • Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP)
  • Capnography — ECEnd tidal CO2 (ETCO2)
  • Airway pressure
19
Q

negative affectivity

A

experience of emotions that is out of proportion to situations in addition with negativistic attitudes and mistrusfulness

20
Q

Detachment

A

socially and emotionally; i.e. no social interactions, no talking about feelings or expressing them

21
Q

Dissociality

A

self-centeredness, a sense of entitlement and lack of empathy

22
Q

disinhibition

A

similar to an impulsive personality; with impulsivity, distractability, irresponsibility and lack of planning

23
Q

gold standard investigation for stable angina

A

CT coronary angiography

(also do ETT and myocardial perfusion imaging, ECG, other baseline tests)

24
Q

treatment of stable angina

A

GTN spray Take GTN, then repeat after 5 minutes.
If there is still pain 5 minutes after the repeat dose – call an ambulance.

beta blocker (contraindicated in asthma)
calcium channel blocker
combo of both if not asthmatic
long acting nitrates (isosorbide mononitrate)
ivabradine
nicorandil
ranolazine

PCI
CABG

secondary prevention- aspirin, atorvastatin, atenolol (or other beta blocker), ACEi (if HTN, CKD and DM)

25
Q

femoracetabular impingement

A

Groin pain and inflammation worse with flexion
Restriction of movement
Pain with certain movements
Getting up from a chair
Squatting
Lunging

CAM lesion
Pincer lesion
combined

often obese
externally rotated posture

can get secondary osteoarthritis

xray for cam
mri useful for assessing labral tears

26
Q

cause of CAM lesion

A

SUFE
femoral based impingement

27
Q

disease associated with pincer FAI

A

acetabulum-based impingement

Labral tears

active young females

28
Q

FADIR test

A

flexion
ADduction
internal rotation

positive in FAI

29
Q

FABER test

A

flexion
ABduction
External rotation

positive in labral tears

30
Q

labral tears investigations

A

MRI arthrogram gold standard
positive FABER
x ray for signs of osteoarthritis and dysplasia

31
Q

ehlers danlos syndrome

A

defects in collagen group of genetic conditions

hypermobility in the joints and abnormalities in the connective tissue of the skin, bones, blood vessels and organs.
stretchy skin and joint hypermobility in classic EDS
thin translucent skin and blood vessel rupture in vascular EDS

beighton score

physio
OT
psychology vibes

premature osteoarthritis due to hypermobility wear and tear

32
Q

what does alkalosis and acidosis do to free calcium levels

A

alkalosis- loss of H+ frees up binding sites for Ca++ on plasma proteins and decreases free ca levels

acidosis- increased H+ takes up binding sites for ca and increases free ca levels

33
Q

osteoblasts do what

A

build bone. use up calcium to do so

34
Q

increased phsophate excretion due to PTH action does what

A

calcium prevented from complexing with phosphate and this prevents calcium being laid down in bone, elevating free levels

35
Q

treatment of bacterial tonsilitis

A

-Penicillin V (also called phenoxymethylpenicillin) for a 10-day course
- If penicillin allergic: Clarithromycin

36
Q

management of delirium

A

Step 1: De-escalate (Use family, If no family you try to calm her, Distraction)

Step 2: (Oral) If on antipsychotic give lorazepam, If not on an antipsychotic use antipsychotic aripiprazole

Step 3: (Intramuscular) If on antipsychotic give lorazepam, If not on an antipsychotic use antipsychotic aripiprazole

37
Q

kochers criteria for septic arthritis

A

Pyrexia >38 C

No Weight-bearing ability

WBC count >12,000/ml

ESR >40mm/hr

CRP >30

38
Q

contraindication for MRI

A

pacemaker
implantable cardio defib
aneurysm clip
body piercings
cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices
Cochlear implants.

metal stuff

39
Q

foot drop without impairment in foot inversion and eversion

A

common peroneal nerve palsy

40
Q

foot drop with impairment in foot inversion and unilateral sciatica pain

A

L5 radiculopathy

41
Q

What type of hypersensitivity response is an incompatible ABO blood transfusion?

A

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction

42
Q

what do u give for h pylori

A

PPI, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin

If penicillin allergy

PPI, Metronidazole, Clarithromycin

43
Q

tests for anti-rhesus

A

Indirect Antiglobulin Test (Coombs’ test)
- Cross-matching; part of the type and screen process to prevent complications
- Pregnant women get a prenatal antibody screening with an indirect Coombs test

If positive indirect coomb’s then you would go on to perform rhesus antibody titres and screen for foetal anaemia by doing ultrasound of the middle cerebral artery of the fetus

44
Q

low body weight for anorexia bmi

A

Significantly low body weight for height — BMI <18.5 - <5th centile in children
rapid weight loss >20% in 6 months

45
Q

first line for urge incontinence

A

Anti-muscarinics (relax detrusor, e.g. oxybutinin, tolterodine, solifenacin)

46
Q

management of stress incontinence

A

physiotherapy and oestrogen creams
Duloxetine

47
Q

management of urinary retention with overflow incontinence

A

Tamsulosin and Finasteride

mixed notes year 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions