SB5d: Pathogens Keywords

Question 1

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

Answer 1

When HIV has damaged a person’s immune system, so they are more likely to get secondary infections.

Question 2

Chalara dieback

Answer 2

A communicable disease of ash trees caused by a fungus. It produces lesions of the trunk and branches, and dieback of the top of the tree.

Question 3

Cholera

Answer 3

A communicable disease caused by a bacterium, which causes extreme diarrhoea.

Question 4

Diarrhoea

Answer 4

Loose or watery faeces.

Question 5

Haemorrhagic fever

Answer 5

A disease that includes a fever (high body temperature) and internal bleeding, such as caused by the Ebola virus.

Question 6

Host

Answer 6

An individual or species that can be infected by a certain pathogen.

Question 7

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Answer 7

A virus that attacks white blood cells in the human immune system, often leading to AIDS.

Question 8

Malaria

Answer 8

A dangerous disease, caused by a protist, that causes serious fever, headaches and vomiting and can lead to death.

Question 9

Protist

Answer 9

A kingdom of eukaryotic and mainly single-celled organisms (also called ‘protoctists’).

Question 10

Secondary infection

Answer 10

An infection due to the immune system being weakened previously by a different pathogen.

Question 11

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 11

A communicable bacterial disease that infects the lungs.

Question 12

Ulcer

Answer 12

A sore area in the stomach lining which can be caused by a bacterium.

Question 13

Virus

Answer 13

A microbe that multiplies by infecting a cell and taking over the cell’s DNA copying processes. Virus particles have no cellular structure and so are not true organisms.

Question 14

Whit blood cell

Answer 14

A type of blood cell that forms part of the body’s defence system against disease.