SB2. Cells and Controls - Cell Specialisation Flashcards
1
Q
SB2b - How are red blood cells specialised for their purpose?
A
- Biconcave shape means more surface area for oxygen diffusion.
- No nucleus means more space for red haemoglobin molecules and carry more oxygen
2
Q
SB2b - What is cell differentiation?
A
When a less specialised cell is changed to become a specialised one.
3
Q
SB2c - How are root hair cells specialised for their function?
A
- large vacuole - stores absorbed water
- long projection - increases area for absorption
- thin cell - allows minerals to pass easily into the cell by reducing the area they have to transport
4
Q
SB2c - How are xylem cells specialised for their function?
A
- They have thick walls containing lignin, giving the xylem a rigid and strong structure
- The cells rae dead - so all water carried is transported and not used up by the xylem itself
- They have no internal structure at all (nucleus, chloroplasts etc.) this makes it easier to transport water and minerals.
5
Q
SB2b - How are sperm cells specialised for their function?
A
- The head contains the genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus.
- The acrosome in the head contains enzymes so that a sperm can penetrate an egg.
- The middle piece is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg.
- The tail enables the sperm to swim. Sperm are the smallest cells in the body and millions of them are made.
6
Q
SB2b - How are egg cells specialised for their function?
A
- The cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
- The haploid nucleus contains the genetic material for fertilisation.
- The cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter.
- Eggs are one of the biggest cells in the body and only a few are made.
7
Q
SB2b - How are ciliated epithelial cells specialised for their function?
A
Cilia on the surface beat to move fluids and particles up the trachea.
