SB1 Flashcards
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF RESOLUTION?
RESOLUTION IS THE SMALLEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PINTS THAT CAN STILL BE SEEN AS TWO SEPARATE POINTS.
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION KF MAGNIFICATION?
MAGNIFICATION IS ENLARGING THE APPEARANCE OF SOMETHING
OR
HOW LARGW SOMETHING IS COMPARED TO REAL LIFE
LIGHT MICROSCOPES
SAY TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT MICROSCOPES:
- THEY HAVE LIMITED MAGNIFICATION
- THEY ALSO HAVE A LIMITED RESOLUTION
GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
ELECTRON MICROSCOPES HAVE MUCH GREATER MAGNIFICATION AMD RESOLUTION THAN LIGHT MICROSCOPES
NAME THE PARTA THAT MAKE UP AN ANIMAL CELL.
- mitochondria
- cell membrane
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
NAME THE THINGS THAT A PLANT CELL HAS THAT A ANIMAL CELL DOESN’t
- chloroplast
- large permanent vacuole
- cell wall
WHAT IS A EUKARYOTIC CELL?
A CELL THAT HAS A NUCLEUS
WHAT IS A PROKARYOTIC CELL?
THEY ARE CELLA WITH NO NUCLEUS
What is the function of the nucleus
The function of the nucleus is to control what happens inside the cell and carry genetic information
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance and where chemical reactions happen
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The function of the cell membrane is to control what goes on and out of the cell
What is the function of the ribosomes?
The ribosomes are tiny round structures and is where proteins are made
What is the role of the mitochondria?
The mitochondria is where aerobic respiration happens and where the organism gets its energy
What is the role do the permanent vacuole?
At the permanent vacuole the cell sap is stored and helps to keep the cell firm and rigid
Role of the chloroplast
The chloroplast contains the chlorophyll which traps the energy firm the sun.
The energy trapped is used for photosynthesis
What is the role of the cell wall
The cell wall is made out of cellulose and gives the cell support, protection and structure
What are specialized cells
Specialized cells are cells that have developed certain characterizes to perform particular functions.
Specialized cells are made through a process called differentiation.
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is where an unspecialized cell turns into a very specific cell with a specific function and specific adaptations
Bacterial cells:
Bacteria have a simple cell structure. Like animal and plant cells, they have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm.
What are the differences between bacterial cells and animal and plant cells?
- some bacteria have a flagellum to hell them move
- bacteria cells do not have a nucleus
- instead they have a single loop of chromosomal DNA that lies free in the cytoplasm
- some bacteria have extra circles of DNA called PLASMID DNA.
What is the equation to calculate magnification
Magnification (M)=image size (I)
——————-
Real size ( R)
Define enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up reactions that occur in the cell. Without them reactions would occur too slowly for us to be alive
What is amylase
Amylase is a type of enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller sugars and ja found in the saliva and the small intestine.
What are catalase?
Catalase are a type of enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide made in the cells into oxygen and water
It is found in most cells especially liver cells
What is protein made up of
Long chain of amino acids
What is starch synthase?
It is a type of enzyme that is found in plants. It’s unction is the synthesis of starch from glucose
What is DNA polymerase
It is a type of enzyme found in the nucleus and it’s function is the synthesis of starch from glucose molecules
What are enzymes made of?
Amino acids as they are proteins
Why is the shape of an enzyme important?
The shape is important and it has direct effect on how it catalyze a reaction.
Why do enzymes have different shapes?
An enzymes shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the structure and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules.
Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because the order and type of amino acid in their structure is different.
What are the substances that enzymes work on?
The substances that enzymes work on are called the substances and the substances produced are called products
Why do enzymes speed up reactions
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction activation energy is the minimum energy needed to start a reaction
What are digested enzymes
Digestive enzymes are produced by specialized cells these enzymes pass out of the cells and into the stomach and small intestine hear the enzymes help to break down large food molecules into smaller ones that are more easily absorbed
What is the lock and key model
The lock and key model is a way we can represent synthesis and the breaking down of substrates by enzymes
When the substrate binds to the active site what does it form
This form is the enzyme substrate complex
What is a substrate
The initial substance which an enzyme acts on
What is the product
The product is the substance that is or are made by the enzyme after the reaction
What does it mean to denature
To destroy the characteristic properties affecting the active site
What is the active site
The active site is the enzyme region that binds to the substances during a reaction
What is Synthesis
Synthesis is producing a substance from one or more substrates
What is digestion
Breaking down substances into smaller products
What are optimum conditions
The optimal pH or temperature is the level at which the rate of reaction taking place is at its highest
What is diffusion
diffusion is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is the collision theory
For a chemical reaction to happen the reactants particles must collide with each other on the particles must have enough energy to react
