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biology > SB1 > Flashcards

SB1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name SI units in order

A

metre, millimetre, micrometre, nanometre and picometre

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2
Q

magnification equation

A

eyepiece x objective lens

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3
Q

definition of resolution

A

the smallest distance between two points that can still be seen as two points

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4
Q

high resolution means

A

a better detailed image

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5
Q

part of a plant cell

A

cell wall
cell membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
vacuole
chloroplast
mitochondria

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6
Q

parts of an animal cell

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria

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7
Q

what’s a specialised cell

A

cells that have a specific job / function

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8
Q

how is the small intestine specialised

A

microvilli (small folds) which increase the SA and speed up absorption and digestion

lots of mitochondria for it’s muscles as they need energy to squeeze food along

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9
Q

how is the sperm cell specialised

A

streamlined shape to swim and burrow inside the egg cell

mitochondria to release energy and power the tail

tail which moves side to side so the sperm can swim

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10
Q

how is the egg cell specialised

A

cell membrane which hardens after fertilisation

cytoplasm packed with nutrients for embryo growth

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11
Q

define eukaryotic and prokaryotic + give an example of prokaryotic cells

A

eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not - eg. bacterial cells

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12
Q

what reaction does amylase catalyse
+ where is it found

A

starch –> small sugars
found in saliva + small intestine

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13
Q

what reaction does catalase catalyse
+ where is it found

A

hydrogen peroxide –> water + oxygen
found in most cells, especially liver

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14
Q

what reaction does starch synthase catalyse + where is it found

A

synthesis of starch from glucose
found in plants

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15
Q

what reaction does DNA polymerase catalyse + where is it found

A

synthesis of DNA from its monomers
found in the nucleus

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16
Q

what are starch molecules made of

A

glucose (molecules)

17
Q

what are protein molecules made of

A

amino acids

18
Q

what are lipid molecules made of

A

glycerol and fatty acids

19
Q

what do enzymes work on

A

substrates

20
Q

what are monomers and polymers

A

monomers are molecules which join to form a polymer

21
Q

what does iodine test for + what colour change occurs

A

starch
colour changes from yellow-orange to blue-black

22
Q

what does benedict’s solution test for + what colour change occurs

A

reducing sugars
colour changes from blue to red

23
Q

what does biurets test test for, what is used in the test + what colour change occurs

A

proteins
potassium hydroxide + copper sulfate
colour changes from pale blue to purple

24
Q

what does the ethanol emulsion test test for + what change occurs

A

fats and lipids
lipids present will float to the surface when left to stand

25
Q

what does the ethanol emulsion test test for + what change occurs

A

fats and lipids
lipids present will float to the surface when left to stand

26
Q

how does a calorimeter work

A

burn a sample of food underneath the calorimeter and measure the temperature change from the water

27
Q

what model shows enzyme action/ activity and where do substrate molecules fit into

A

lock and key model
the active site

28
Q

how is the product molecule formed

A

substrate molecules fit into the active site, form bonds causing it to no longer fit into the active site and the produce molecule is released

29
Q

what happens if an enzyme denatures

A

active site becomes damaged and the substrate molecules will no longer fit inside

30
Q

what can cause an enzyme to denature
+ define optimum pH/ temperature

A

changes in pH or temperature
optimum pH/ temp: conditions which an enzyme works fastest in

31
Q

what happens to an enzyme if temp increases + increases too much

A

the enzyme will move faster. if it increases too much, the enzyme will denature

32
Q

diffusion

A

particles move from an area of high –> low conc

33
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference between two concentrations

34
Q

partially / semi permeable membrane

A

lets some molecules/ substances through, not others

35
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water/solvent molecules through a semi permeable membrane from an area of high conc –> low conc

36
Q

active transport

A

particles move from an area of low conc –> high conc

37
Q

two key points about active transport

A

requires energy
goes against the conc gradient

biology (4 decks)

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