Saudi

Question 1

How did Saudi Arabia use it’s oil wealth to promote its version of political Islam?

Answer 1

1. They began a wide-ranging campaign of proselytizing among the Sunnis
2. Religious obedience became the key to winning government subsidies
3. Managers of charity
4. Labor for immigrants-Allowed these workers to send back money that amounted to $3 billion
   - –Insured rapid upward social mobility for most migrants–Religious practice
5. They printed the Koran and wahhabite doctrinal texts
6. Contribute financially to the building of mosques all over the world
7. They gave loans through the Islamic development bank
8. They controlled the pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 2

How did the Afghan Jihad come about?

Answer 2

1. A new socialist regime seized power in 1978
2. They used violence to try to implement their socialist policies
3. The invasion of the Soviet Union in December 1979
4. Support from the US to stop the expansion of the Soviet Union
5. The jihadists were seen as a vanguard party of the umma

Question 3

US support

Answer 3

1. 600 million a year
2. Weapons
3. CIA training

Question 4

Saudi Arabia

Answer 4

1. They matched the amount of money given by the United States
2. saudi largess
3. Red crescent

Question 5

Pakistan

Answer 5

1. Peshawar camps and training centers
2. resistance in Peshawar
3. US aid delivered at port of Karachi
4. zia was intermediary for everything that affected afghan resistance
5. Congress gave 4th largest aid package to Pakistan

Question 6

Why were the jihadists salafists successful in afghan but not Bosnia

Answer 6

Different context

1. Afghan was poorer and rural, Taliban gave salafists a home
2. bosnia was in Europe
3. nationalists identity-Muslims were more secular, educated, urbanized–refused wearing of veil
4. they wanted national sovereignty not jihad

Question 7

Gulf war influence on Saudi dominance

Answer 7

1. Split in Sunni world
2. Saudi asked for help from US, who established bases in Saudi
3. Saddam portrayed Saudi as more concerned with Washington then with Islam
   4.political dissent in Saudi-monarchy crushed democratic movement
   5.decline of Saudi international influence
   PLO and Sudan backed iraq

Question 8

What did actions of OBL reveal about the changes within Islamist movements in the 1990’s?

Answer 8

1. no longer local but global
2. raised funds for jihadist
3. established data base(al Qaeda) for jihadists from all over the world
4. Lost social support so they used force and violence
5. Targets – Somalia 93, USS cole in 2000, US embassies, 911, Khobar military camp