Qutb Mawdudi Khomeini

Question 1

Qutb

Answer 1

1.Defined times of Jahilyya
Modern barbarism must be struck down just as the prophet struck down in the past
3. The members of society were no longer viewed as Muslims-takfir. Qutb used takfir. Led to three interpretations
Jahilyya leads to takfir
4. Radicalism

Question 2

Jahilyya

Answer 2

Days of ignorance. Leads to takfir

Question 3

Three interpretations of qutb

Answer 3

1. Impiety was endemic all over the world. Pronounced a general takfir on everyone else
2. Defined excommunication to the rulers of the state because they did not govern according to the Koran
3. Rupture of society should be understood in a spiritual sense, not a material sense. This was the view of the Muslim brothers and they saw themselves as preachers , not judges. Thus, to show society how to make itself more Islamic they needed to preach not to condemn.

Question 4

Mawdudi

Answer 4

1. Agitated for an Islamic State covering the whole of India. Favored Islamization from above.
2. Sovereignty would be exercised in the name of Allah and the sharia would be implemented
3. The five pillars of Islam were merely phases of training and preparation for jihad
4. Religion was turned into an ideology of political struggle
5. Founded jamaat-e-islami-vanguard for Islamist revolution
6. built a political theory based on Islam
7. He was the first person to give expression to the theory of cultural rupture with Nationalists and ulemas alike

Question 5

Khomeini

Answer 5

1. Addressed the issue of class
2. Disinherited versus the arrogant
   3 United the devout bourgeoisie, the poor urban youth, and the clerics.

Question 6

Why was the Islamic Revolution successful in Iran in 1979?

Answer 6

1. The shah favored corporations, FDIC and the oil industry. This alienated the middle class,were sidelined. This caused dissent in the middle class
2. Exodus to the cities increased the poor urban youth population, Who had no access to Jobs
3. The clerics worked independent of the state, This allowed them to dissent as well. United after the insult
   - -Khomeini was able to unite the devout bourgeoisie, the poor urban youth, and the clerics. He also united the secular. Khomeini allowed each group to invest the movement with its own particular political dreams.
   - –The fusion of Islamist intellectuals and revolutionary Clerics mobilize the devout bourgeoisie and the poor urban youth

Question 7

Effect of Iranian revolution on control of political Islam

Answer 7

Sunnis saw Persian nationalism as a threat

1. Islam of the people vs. Saudi money, elitist, US alliance
2. iran influenced Shia in Palestine
3. Impact in Lebanon- Hezbollah, impact among youth not DB
4. tension over pilgrimage
5. led to invasion of Iraq in 1980