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Marine Conservation > Sasa: Policies and Tools > Flashcards

Sasa: Policies and Tools Flashcards

1
Q

What is the objective of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)?

A

The objective of the MSFD is to achieve

  • Good Environmental Status (GES) of the EU’s marine waters by 2020,
  • protect marine ecosystems from human-induced impacts, and
  • ensure sustainable use of marine resources.
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2
Q

list of all the legislations, laws, directives, policies, networks, frameworks, programs, and relevant organizations

A
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3
Q

What are some challenges associated with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)?

A

Challenges include

  • harmonizing efforts across member states,
  • balancing environmental and economic interests,
  • addressing data gaps, and
  • dealing with scientific uncertainties.
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4
Q

What are the key conclusions from the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)?

A

The conclusions include

  • enhanced cooperation between EU member states,
  • improved integration of marine policies,
  • strengthened scientific basis for marine environmental management,
  • identification of significant knowledge gaps
  • and the need for science-driven policy.
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5
Q

What is the goal of the Water Framework Directive (WFD)?

A

The goal of the WFD is to achieve

  • good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies,
  • including marine waters up to one nautical mile from shore, by 2027.
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6
Q

What challenges does the Water Framework Directive (WFD) face?

A

The challenges include

  • integrating management of all water types,
  • addressing pollution from diffuse sources,
  • and coordinating across different jurisdictions and sectors.
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7
Q

What are the main conclusions from the Water Framework Directive (WFD)?

A

The conclusions include

  • improved water quality,
  • reductions in pollution levels,
  • enhanced cross-border cooperation,
  • increased public participation in water management,
  • and ongoing challenges in addressing diffuse pollution.
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8
Q

What is the purpose of the Habitats Directive?

A

The purpose of the Habitats Directive is to ensure the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened, or endemic animal and plant species, and habitat types of European importance.

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9
Q

What are the challenges associated with the Habitats Directive?

A

Challenges include conflicts with land use and development, ensuring sufficient habitat protection across member states, and addressing pressures from agriculture, forestry, and urban development.

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10
Q

What are the key outcomes of the Habitats Directive?

A

Key outcomes include the establishment of over 27,000 protected sites under the Natura 2000 network, improved conservation status for many habitats and species, and challenges in ensuring adequate funding and resolving land use conflicts.

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11
Q

What is the objective of the Birds Directive?

A

The objective of the Birds Directive is to protect all of Europe’s wild birds and their most important habitats through the designation of Special Protection Areas (SPAs).

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12
Q

What challenges are faced by the Birds Directive?

A

Challenges include addressing threats from agriculture, hunting, and habitat loss, ensuring cross-border coordination for migratory species, and integrating conservation with economic activities.

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13
Q

What are the outcomes of the Birds Directive?

A

Outcomes include a significant reduction in the decline of bird populations, improved conservation outcomes for targeted species, and a stronger legal framework to protect bird habitats.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)?

A

The purpose of the CFP is to ensure that fishing and aquaculture are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable, and provide a stable source of food for EU citizens.

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15
Q

What challenges does the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) address?

A

Challenges include overfishing, ensuring compliance with quotas, managing discards and bycatch, and balancing the interests of different stakeholders.

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16
Q

What are the key conclusions from the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)?

A

Key conclusions include rebuilding several fish stocks through science-based management, reduction of overfishing, and ongoing challenges in fully eliminating discards and ensuring compliance with regulations.

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17
Q

What is the objective of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD)?

A
  • The objective of the MSPD is to promote sustainable development of marine areas and resources
  • prevent conflicts among different sectors, and
  • integrate environmental, social, and economic aspects in maritime spatial planning
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18
Q

What challenges are associated with the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD)?

A

Challenges include ensuring coherent implementation across EU member states, integrating MSP with other EU policies, and dealing with trans-boundary maritime issues.

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19
Q

What are the key conclusions from the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD)?

A

Key conclusions include the need for an ecosystem-based approach in spatial planning, enhancing certainty and predictability for economic investments, and recognizing the importance of stakeholder involvement and trans-boundary cooperation.

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20
Q

What is the Natura 2000 Network?

A

The Natura 2000 Network is a network of protected areas aimed at protecting Europe’s most valuable and threatened species and habitats, ensuring their long-term survival.

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21
Q

What challenges does the Natura 2000 Network face?

A

Challenges include managing sites effectively with limited resources, ensuring local community involvement and support, and balancing conservation with other land uses.

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22
Q

What are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

A

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are regions designated to conserve marine biodiversity, protect vulnerable habitats, and manage marine resources sustainably.

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23
Q

What are the challenges associated with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

A

Challenges include enforcement of regulations, balancing conservation with fishing and tourism, and monitoring the effectiveness of MPAs.

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24
Q

What is the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)?

A

The Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) is a tool used to track and monitor fishing vessel movements to ensure compliance with fishing regulations and aid in the enforcement of protected areas.

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25
Q

What challenges are associated with the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)?

A

Challenges include ensuring all vessels are equipped with VMS, managing data privacy concerns, and integrating VMS data with other monitoring systems.

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26
Q

What is the Automatic Identification System (AIS)?

A

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used to improve maritime safety and security by automatically transmitting vessel information, including location and movement, to other ships and coastal authorities.

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27
Q

What challenges are associated with the Automatic Identification System (AIS)?

A

Challenges include coverage gaps in remote areas, potential misuse of data, and reliance on ship operators to keep the system active.

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28
Q

What is the Swept Area Ratio (SAR)?

A

The Swept Area Ratio (SAR) assesses the frequency and extent of seabed disturbance by trawling activities to inform management decisions.

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29
Q

What challenges are associated with the Swept Area Ratio (SAR)?

A

Challenges include variability in data collection methods, ensuring accurate representation of trawling impacts, and translating SAR data into effective conservation measures.

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30
Q

What is the purpose of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs)?

A

Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) are designed to reduce the bycatch of sea turtles in shrimp trawl fisheries while allowing the catch of target species.

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31
Q

What challenges are associated with Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs)?

A

Challenges include ensuring widespread adoption of TEDs, balancing the effectiveness of bycatch reduction with economic impacts on fisheries, and training fishers in the correct use of TEDs.

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32
Q

What are Medina Panels?

A

Medina Panels are devices used in tuna fisheries to reduce dolphin bycatch by modifying purse seine nets.

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33
Q

What challenges are associated with Medina Panels?

A

Challenges include adoption by all fleets, ensuring consistent use during fishing operations, and evaluating the effectiveness of the panels in different fisheries.

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34
Q

What is the IUCN Red List?

A

The IUCN Red List provides comprehensive information on the global conservation status of animal, fungi, and plant species, and guides conservation actions.

35
Q

What challenges are associated with the IUCN Red List?

A

Challenges include updating the list with current data, ensuring global coverage of species assessments, and addressing gaps in knowledge for lesser-known species.

36
Q

What is the purpose of intercalibration under the Water Framework Directive (WFD)?

A

The purpose of intercalibration under WFD is to harmonize (vereinheitlichen) ecological quality assessment systems across EU member states to ensure consistent application of the directive.

37
Q

What challenges are associated with intercalibration under the Water Framework Directive (WFD)?

A

Challenges include differences in ecological conditions across regions, aligning methodologies, and maintaining consistency in data interpretation and reporting.

38
Q

What is the Blue Transformation Plan?

A

The Blue Transformation Plan promotes sustainable development in fisheries and aquaculture sectors by transforming traditional practices into more sustainable methods using innovative technologies and better management practices.

39
Q

What challenges does the Blue Transformation Plan address?

A

Challenges include addressing sustainability within aquatic food systems, balancing economic growth with environmental protection, and ensuring equitable livelihoods for vulnerable communities.

40
Q

What is the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)?
what does it create?

A
  • The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment assesses the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being and
  • creates a basis, which is scientific
  • what is that basis for? for actions needed to enhance conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems.
41
Q

What challenges are associated with the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment?

A

Challenges include integrating the findings into policymaking, addressing rapid ecosystem degradation, and balancing immediate human needs with long-term sustainability.

42
Q

What is the objective of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)?

A

The objective of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services, contributing to conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity, and long-term human well-being.

43
Q

What challenges does the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) address?

A

Challenges include

  • ensuring effective communication between scientists and policymakers,
  • addressing rapid biodiversity loss, and
  • mobilizing global action based on scientific findings.
44
Q

What is the problem of overfishing and unsustainable fishing practices?

A

Overfishing leads to the depletion of fish stocks, disrupting marine ecosystems and threatening food security and livelihoods dependent on fishing.

45
Q

What strategies and policies address overfishing and unsustainable fishing practices?

A

Strategies include the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), and tools like Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) and Medina Panels.

46
Q

What is the problem of habitat destruction and degradation?

A

Destructive activities like trawling, dredging, and coastal development damage critical marine habitats such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and benthic ecosystems.

47
Q

What strategies and policies address habitat destruction and degradation?

A

Strategies include the Habitats Directive, Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), and the Swept Area Ratio (SAR).

48
Q

What is the problem of pollution and water quality degradation?

A

Pollution from land-based activities, such as agricultural runoff and industrial discharges, leads to water quality degradation, eutrophication, and harm to marine life.

49
Q

What strategies and policies address pollution and water quality degradation?

A

Strategies include the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).

50
Q

What is the problem of biodiversity loss and species extinction?

A

Marine species are threatened by overexploitation, habitat loss, pollution, and climate change, leading to declines in biodiversity and potential species extinction.

51
Q

What strategies and policies address biodiversity loss and species extinction?

A

Strategies include the IUCN Red List, Natura 2000 Network, and the Birds Directive.

52
Q

What is the problem of climate change impacts on marine environments?

A

Climate change results in ocean warming, acidification, rising sea levels, and shifts in species distributions, threatening marine ecosystems and human communities.

53
Q

What strategies and policies address climate change impacts on marine environments?

A

Strategies include the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD).

54
Q

What is the problem of conflicts among different marine and coastal uses?

A

The marine environment is used for various activities, leading to conflicts and unsustainable use of marine resources.

55
Q

What strategies and policies address conflicts among different marine and coastal uses?

A

Strategies include the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD) and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs).

56
Q

What is the problem of the loss of ecosystem services and decline in biodiversity?

A

The degradation of ecosystems results in the loss of crucial services such as food provision, water purification, and climate regulation, leading to a decline in biodiversity.

57
Q

What strategies and policies address the loss of ecosystem services and decline in biodiversity?

A

Strategies include the EU Biodiversity Strategy and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).

58
Q

What is the problem of fragmentation of marine habitats?

A

Fragmentation of habitats disrupts ecosystem connectivity, affecting species migration, breeding, and survival, leading to weakened ecosystems.

59
Q

What strategies and policies address the fragmentation of marine habitats?

A

direct strategies include the Natura 2000 network under the Habitats Directive and Birds Directive, and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). These policies specifically focus on protecting and connecting habitats, making them more targeted solutions for addressing habitat fragmentation.

60
Q

What is the problem of pollution and chemical contaminants in marine environments?

A

Chemical pollutants degrade water quality and harm marine life, leading to issues like eutrophication, dead zones, and bioaccumulation in food webs.

61
Q

What strategies and policies address pollution and chemical contaminants?

A

Strategies include the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).

62
Q

What is the problem of climate change and ocean acidification?

A

Climate change leads to ocean warming, acidification, rising sea levels, and changes in ocean currents, impacting marine biodiversity and coastal communities.

63
Q

What strategies and policies address climate change and ocean acidification?

A

Strategies include the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD).

64
Q

What is the problem of ineffective conservation measures?

A

Conservation measures often fail due to inadequate enforcement, lack of stakeholder involvement, or insufficient scientific data.

65
Q

What strategies and policies address ineffective conservation measures?

A

Strategies include the Natura 2000 Network and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with a focus on effective management, enforcement, and stakeholder engagement.

66
Q

What is the problem of overlapping jurisdictions and lack of coordination in marine management?

A

The marine environment is subject to multiple overlapping jurisdictions and sectoral policies, leading to fragmented and inefficient management.

67
Q

What strategies and policies address overlapping jurisdictions and lack of coordination?

A

Strategies include the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD).

68
Q

What is the problem of data gaps and uncertainties in marine management?

A

Effective marine management is hindered by gaps in data and uncertainties about marine ecosystem functions and human impacts.

69
Q

What strategies and policies address data gaps and uncertainties in marine management?

A

Strategies include the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.

70
Q

What is the problem of balancing conservation with economic development?

A

Conservation efforts must be balanced with the need for economic development in sectors like fisheries, tourism, and energy.

71
Q

What strategies and policies address balancing conservation with economic development?

A

Strategies include the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Blue Transformation Plan.

72
Q

What is the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)?

A

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) assesses the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being and establishes a scientific basis for actions needed to enhance conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems.

73
Q

What challenges are associated with the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment?

A

Challenges include

  • integrating the findings into policy-making,
  • addressing the rapid degradation of ecosystems, and
  • balancing immediate human needs with long-term sustainability.
74
Q

What is the purpose of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)?

A

The purpose of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services, contributing to

  • conservation,
  • sustainable use of biodiversity,
  • long-term human well-being, and
  • sustainable development.
75
Q

What challenges are associated with the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)?

A

Challenges include ensuring effective communication between scientists and policymakers, addressing rapid biodiversity loss, and mobilizing global action based on scientific findings.

76
Q

What are the key problems addressed by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)?

A

The MSFD addresses issues like overfishing, pollution, biodiversity loss, climate change impacts, and the need for coordinated marine management across the EU.

77
Q

What strategies are used to address habitat fragmentation in marine environments?

A

The Maritime Spatial Planning Directive (MSPD) coordinates the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to avoid conflicts and maintain ecosystem connectivity.

78
Q

What tools are used to monitor compliance with marine conservation regulations?

A

Tools include the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) and the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for tracking and ensuring compliance of maritime activities.

79
Q

What are some enforcement challenges associated with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)?

A

Challenges include enforcing regulations, balancing conservation with fishing and tourism, and monitoring the effectiveness of the MPAs.

80
Q

What is the Swept Area Ratio (SAR) used for?

A

The Swept Area Ratio (SAR) is used to assess the frequency and extent of seabed disturbance by trawling activities to inform management decisions.

81
Q

What is the significance of the Natura 2000 Network?

A

The Natura 2000 Network is significant for protecting Europe’s most valuable and threatened species and habitats, ensuring their long-term survival through coordinated conservation efforts.

82
Q

Blue Transformation Plan

A
83
Q

Blue Economy

A

Marine Conservation (17 decks)

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