Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Marine Conservation > Sasa 1-12A > Flashcards

Sasa 1-12A Flashcards

1
Q

What are the direct environmental effects of demersal fishing?

A

Resuspension of sediments, nutrients, and pollutants; changes in geomorphic and geotechnic features of the seabed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does fishing impact organic carbon storage in marine sediments?

A

Demersal fishing reduces organic carbon storage by disturbing sediments, leading to resuspension and altered carbon sequestration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What long-term changes can fishing cause in benthic communities?

A

Alterations in community structure, including size, taxonomic diversity, longevity, and biomass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the indirect effects of fishing on marine environments?

A

Reduction in nutrients, long-term changes in sediment particle size, and loss of sediment stability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does chronic fishing disturbance affect benthic habitats?

A

It leads to reduced biodiversity, changes in species composition, and altered ecological functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the impact of bycatch on marine species?

A

Bycatch affects vulnerable species like cetaceans, turtles, and birds, often leading to increased mortality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does fishing alter trophic guilds and ecosystem services?

A

Fishing disrupts trophic interactions, leading to changes in predator-prey dynamics and ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the sublethal effects of fishing on marine organisms?

A

Sublethal effects include physiological stress, physical damage, and long-term impacts on reproductive and foraging success.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does sediment resuspension from fishing affect primary production?

A

Sediment resuspension can either increase or decrease primary production, depending on the availability of nutrients and light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What challenges do fisheries face due to high bycatch rates?

A

High bycatch rates reduce target species populations, disrupt ecosystem balance, and threaten the sustainability of fisheries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is strict regulation necessary in fisheries management?

A

To mitigate the environmental impacts of fishing, ensure sustainable use of marine resources, and protect vulnerable species and habitats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the Natura 2000 network contribute to conservation?

A

It protects critical habitats and species across the EU, balancing biodiversity conservation with economic and social needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What role do Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) play in conservation?

A

MPAs protect vulnerable species and ecosystems by restricting or regulating human activities, promoting habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) used for?

A

TEDs are used to reduce bycatch of turtles in fishing nets, allowing them to escape while retaining target species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) contribute to sustainable fishing?

A

VMS track and monitor fishing activities, ensuring compliance with conservation regulations and helping manage fishing pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008)?

A

It aims to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of EU marine waters by promoting sustainable use of marine resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do systematic reviews help in conservation?

A

Systematic reviews compile and assess evidence for conservation actions, ensuring reliable and evidence-based decision-making.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some habitat restoration efforts used in marine conservation?

A

Restoration efforts include rebuilding physical structures of habitats, replanting seagrasses or corals, and reducing human disturbances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are sediment resuspension and carbon storage interconnected?

A

Sediment resuspension from fishing disturbs carbon-rich sediments, leading to reduced carbon storage and increased carbon release into the water column.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the relationship between bycatch reduction and ecosystem health?

A

Reducing bycatch helps maintain species populations, which is crucial for preserving ecosystem balance and functionality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) support the goals of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive?

A

MPAs contribute to achieving Good Environmental Status by protecting key habitats and species, supporting biodiversity and sustainable resource use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is monitoring fishing activities essential for conservation?

A

Monitoring, through tools like VMS, helps enforce regulations, track fishing pressure, and identify areas that need protection or restoration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do chronic fishing disturbances influence the effectiveness of conservation measures?

A

Chronic disturbances can undermine conservation efforts by continuously degrading habitats, making recovery and restoration more difficult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the Conservation Evidence project used in marine conservation?

A

It compiles evidence of the effectiveness of various conservation actions, helping practitioners choose the most effective strategies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the significance of the Habitats Directive in marine conservation?

A

It legally binds EU member states to protect endangered habitats and species, forming a key part of Europe’s conservation policy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can sustainable fishing practices be implemented to reduce environmental impacts?

A

By adopting gear modifications, reducing fishing effort in sensitive areas, and following best practices that minimize habitat damage and bycatch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What methods are used to assess the spatial distribution of fishing activities?

A

Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) and Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) are used to map and analyze fishing activity patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the effect of fishing on sediment composition?

A

Fishing, particularly trawling, can lead to changes in sediment composition by altering grain size and disrupting the seabed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How does fishing affect the geomorphology of the seabed?

A

Fishing activities can change the physical structure of the seabed, leading to erosion, removal of structural species, and habitat flattening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the relationship between fishing and nutrient cycling?

A

Fishing disturbs the seabed, affecting nutrient cycling by altering sediment-water interactions and resuspending nutrients that impact primary production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How do fishing activities contribute to pollutant resuspension?

A

Fishing gear disturbs the seabed, releasing trapped pollutants like heavy metals and organic contaminants back into the water column.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does fishing impact species’ reproductive success?

A

Bycatch and habitat disruption can decrease reproductive success by reducing population sizes and altering breeding grounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What sublethal effects can occur in fish due to fishing stress?

A

Sublethal effects include physiological stress, reduced immune response, and increased vulnerability to diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the effects of trawling on species size spectra?

A

Trawling can reduce the average size of species in a community by selectively removing larger individuals and altering species composition.

35
Q

How does fishing pressure affect species diversity?

A

Intense fishing pressure can reduce species diversity by over-exploiting certain species and disrupting community structure.

36
Q

What is the socio-economic impact of declining fish stocks?

A

Declining fish stocks can lead to reduced income for fishers, loss of livelihoods, and increased competition for remaining resources.

37
Q

How does bycatch affect the sustainability of fisheries?

A

Negatively. Bycatch leads to wastage of non-target species, impacting ecosystem health and reducing the long-term sustainability of fisheries.

38
Q

What role do stakeholders play in fisheries management?

A

Stakeholders, including fishers, NGOs, and local communities, are crucial in implementing and enforcing sustainable fishing practices and conservation measures.

39
Q

What is the purpose of systematic reviews in conservation?

A

Systematic reviews aim to compile and evaluate all relevant evidence on conservation actions to ensure decision-making is based on the best available data.

40
Q

How does the Marine Strategy Framework Directive contribute to marine conservation?

A

It sets a framework for achieving Good Environmental Status of EU marine waters, focusing on sustainable use and protection of marine ecosystems.

41
Q

What are the main objectives of the Natura 2000 network?

A

Natura 2000 aims to ensure the long-term survival of Europe’s most valuable and threatened species and habitats.

42
Q

How are Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) enforced?

A

MPAs are enforced through regulations that restrict activities like fishing, drilling, and development to protect marine biodiversity.

43
Q

How are sediment composition changes linked to carbon storage?

A

Changes in sediment composition can alter the ability of seabed sediments to store carbon, affecting the global carbon cycle.

44
Q

What is the connection between habitat disruption and species vulnerability?

A

Habitat disruption increases species vulnerability by degrading their habitats, reducing food availability, and increasing exposure to predators.

45
Q

How do conservation policies like the Habitats Directive support sustainable fishing?

A

Conservation policies provide legal frameworks that protect critical habitats, indirectly supporting sustainable fishing by maintaining healthy ecosystems.

46
Q

What role do NGOs play in reducing bycatch?

A

NGOs advocate for bycatch reduction through policy changes, technological innovations, and raising public awareness about sustainable seafood.

47
Q

What is the role of the Conservation Evidence project in marine conservation?

A

It provides a database of tested conservation actions, helping practitioners choose the most effective methods based on scientific evidence.

48
Q

How do Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) help in marine conservation?

A

TEDs allow turtles to escape from fishing nets, reducing bycatch mortality while retaining the target catch.

49
Q

How does the use of Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) benefit marine conservation?

A

AIS tracks fishing vessels’ movements, helping monitor compliance with regulations and reducing illegal fishing activities

50
Q

What impact does the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) have on marine ecosystems?

A

The CFP regulates fishing activities within the EU to ensure fish stocks are maintained at sustainable levels, protecting marine ecosystems.

51
Q

How does the ecosystem-based management (EBM) approach apply to marine conservation?

A

EBM is an integrated approach that considers the entire ecosystem, including humans, to maintain ecosystem health, productivity, and resilience.

52
Q

What is the precautionary principle in marine conservation?

A

The precautionary principle advocates for proactive action to prevent environmental harm when scientific evidence is inconclusive, emphasizing risk avoidance.

53
Q

What role does adaptive management play in marine conservation?

A

Adaptive management is a systematic process for continually improving management policies and practices by learning from the outcomes of operational programs.

54
Q

What is the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)?

A

The MSFD is an EU directive that aims to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of the EU’s marine waters by 2020, promoting sustainable use of marine resources and protecting marine environments.

55
Q

How does the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) address overfishing?

A

The CFP sets quotas, enforces sustainable fishing practices, and supports the long-term sustainability of fish stocks within EU waters

56
Q

What are some practical measures to reduce bycatch in fisheries?

A

Practical measures include the use of bycatch reduction devices, such as Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs), and modifications to fishing gear to minimize non-target species capture.

57
Q

How do overfishing and habitat destruction interact in marine environments?

A

Overfishing can lead to habitat destruction by removing key species that maintain habitat structure, while habitat destruction can exacerbate the effects of overfishing by reducing the availability of essential habitats.

58
Q

How does the implementation of the MSFD support the objectives of the Habitats Directive?

A

The MSFD complements the Habitats Directive by focusing on achieving Good Environmental Status in marine waters, thereby supporting the protection of habitats and species covered by Natura 2000.

59
Q

Can you provide an example of a successful MPA in Europe?

A

The Biscay Marine Reserve in Spain is a successful MPA, where the protection of marine habitats has led to increased biodiversity and the recovery of commercial fish stocks.

60
Q

How has the European Union addressed the issue of marine litter?

A

The EU has implemented the Marine Litter Directive, which includes measures to reduce plastic waste, improve waste management, and promote recycling to prevent litter from entering the marine environment.

61
Q

What is an example of adaptive management in marine conservation?

A

The management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia is an example of adaptive management, where strategies are continually updated based on monitoring results and environmental changes.

62
Q

How has the implementation of the CFP improved fish stock sustainability in the EU?

A

The CFP has led to the recovery of several fish stocks by setting science-based quotas, reducing fishing pressure, and implementing sustainable fishing practices.

63
Q

Why is it important to apply the precautionary principle in marine conservation?

A

Applying the precautionary principle ensures that conservation actions are taken to prevent harm even when scientific certainty is not fully established, reducing the risk of irreversible damage to marine ecosystems.

64
Q

How does adaptive management benefit long-term conservation efforts?

A

Adaptive management allows conservation strategies to be adjusted based on new data and outcomes, ensuring that management practices remain effective in changing environmental conditions.

65
Q

Why is it necessary to integrate scientific knowledge with policy in marine conservation?

A

Integrating scientific knowledge with policy ensures that conservation measures are based on the best available evidence, leading to more effective and informed decision-making.

66
Q

How does the concept of “ecological disturbance” apply to marine conservation?

A

Ecological disturbance refers to events or activities, such as fishing or pollution, that disrupt ecosystem structure and function, leading to changes in species composition, habitat structure, and ecosystem dynamics.

67
Q

What is “marine spatial planning” (MSP) and why is it important?

A

MSP is a process that guides where and when human activities occur in the marine environment to minimize conflicts, protect marine ecosystems, and sustain economic activities. It is essential for balancing conservation and development goals.

68
Q

What are the direct and indirect effects of fishing on marine ecosystems?

A
  • Direct effects include the removal of target species and physical damage to habitats.
  • Indirect effects involve changes in food webs, reduction in predator and prey populations, and long-term shifts in ecosystem structure.
69
Q

How does the Birds Directive complement the Habitats Directive in the EU?

A

The Birds Directive specifically protects all wild bird species and their habitats within the EU, while the Habitats Directive focuses on other species and habitats, together forming a comprehensive conservation strategy.

70
Q

What is the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and its objectives?

A

The MSFD aims to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of EU marine waters by 2020, promoting sustainable use, protecting marine environments, and ensuring that human activities do not compromise marine ecosystems.

71
Q

How does the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) aim to achieve sustainable fishing?

A

The CFP sets quotas based on scientific advice, regulates fishing efforts, and promotes sustainable fishing practices to prevent overfishing and ensure long-term fish stock health in EU waters.

72
Q

What is the role of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in marine conservation?

A

The WFD aims to protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems, including marine waters, by setting water quality standards and managing human activities that impact water bodies.

73
Q

How do EU directives on marine conservation integrate scientific knowledge?

A

EU directives are based on scientific research and data, incorporating the latest findings on marine ecosystems and human impacts to inform policies that effectively protect and manage marine environments.

74
Q

What is an example of a successful implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)?

A

The implementation of MSFD in the Baltic Sea has led to coordinated efforts among member states to reduce nutrient inputs, improving water quality and helping to restore marine ecosystems.

75
Q

How has the use of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) in fisheries benefited marine conservation?

A

TEDs have significantly reduced the bycatch of sea turtles in shrimp trawl fisheries, allowing turtles to escape while retaining the target catch, thereby helping to protect endangered turtle populations.

76
Q

How does the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) contribute to marine conservation?

A

The MAP, under the Barcelona Convention, coordinates efforts to protect the Mediterranean Sea’s marine and coastal environments, addressing pollution, habitat degradation, and the conservation of marine biodiversity.

77
Q

What management measures are used to mitigate the impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems?

A

Management measures include setting catch limits, regulating fishing gear, establishing no-take zones, implementing bycatch reduction devices, and enforcing seasonal closures to protect vulnerable species.

78
Q

How are human impacts on marine biodiversity assessed?

A

Human impacts are assessed through monitoring programs, ecological indicators, and modeling, which track changes in species populations, habitat conditions, and ecosystem health.

79
Q

What are some key indicators of marine ecosystem health?

A

Key indicators include species diversity, population trends, habitat quality, water quality parameters (e.g., nutrient levels, pollutants), and the presence of keystone species.

80
Q

How can adaptive management improve conservation outcomes?

A

Adaptive management allows for flexible decision-making that can respond to new information and changing conditions, improving the effectiveness of conservation strategies over time.

81
Q

How are marine spatial planning (MSP) and ecosystem-based management (EBM) interconnected?

A

MSP provides a framework for implementing EBM by organizing human activities in a way that considers the entire ecosystem, ensuring that ecological health and human needs are balanced.

82
Q

What is the relationship between climate change and the effectiveness of MPAs?

A

Climate change can affect the resilience of MPAs by altering species distributions and ecosystem dynamics, making it necessary to adapt MPA management to changing environmental conditions.

83
Q

What is the role of public awareness and education in marine conservation?

A

Public awareness and education are crucial for building support for conservation measures, encouraging sustainable behaviors, and fostering a sense of stewardship for marine environments.

Marine Conservation (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions