SAS 7 Flashcards
A reaction between two or more drugs or between a drug and a food beverage or supplement
Drug interaction
It is the modification of the therapeutic effect of one drug by the prior concominant administration of another
Therapeutic incompatibility
Any noxious or unintended reaction to a drug that is administered in standard doses by the proper route for the purpose of prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment
ADR Adverse Drug Reactions
An action of a drug on the effectiveness or toxicity of another drug
Drug interaction - a.k.a drug-adjuvant interaction
Precipitant drug
Responsible
Object drug
Affected
Occurs when one drug enhances or interferes with the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of another drug resulting in a change in drug concentration in the body or the duration of the drug’s availability at the receptor sites
Pharmacokinetic interactions (ADME)
When a precipitant drug affects the absorption of an object drug, the concentration of the drug in the plasma is either increased or decreased
Alteration in absorption
Absorption of some drugs from GIT is dependent on the pH of the fluid in absorption site
Alreration in the Gastric pH
Ketoconazole+Antacid
Alteration in Gastric pH
Bisacodyl+Antacid
Alteration in Gastric pH
Some drugs may form irreversible chelates in the presence of another drug rendering both drugs inactive
Complexation
Tetracycline + Metals
Complexation
Fluoroquinolones + Metals
Complexation
Penicillamine + Metal-containing drugs
Complexation
Non-specific binding of a drug to another agent
Adsorption
Cholestyramime + warfarin = thrombosis
Adsorption
the time it takes for the stomach to empty it’s content
Gastric Empting Time
Cathartics + Antacid
Alteration in GET
Atropine + Antacid
Alteration in GET
OCP + Antibiotic = unwanted pregnancy
Alteration in GI Flora
displacement from plasma protein binding site
Alteration in Distribution
Phenylbutazone + Warfarin = hemorrhage
Alreration in Distribution
Sulfonamides + OHA = hypoglycemia
Alteration in Distribution
Process by which drugs are converted into more.polar and hydrophilic molecules to make it easier to eliminate through the kidneys
Metabolism
Process by which a drug or molecule enhances the action kf an enzyme towards another drug resulting in a faster inactivation of drug
Enzyme induction
Phenobarbital + Warfarin = thrombosis
Enzyme induction
process by which a drug or molecule inhibits the action of an enzyme towards another drug resulting in a slower rate of metabolism
Enzyme inhibition
NaHCO3 + ASA
Alteration in urinary pH
Penicillin + Probenecid
Alteration in Active transport
Occur when one drug alters the effect of another drug at its site of action without altering the systematic concentration of a drug
Pharmacodynamic interaction
Concurrent administration of two drugs acting on the same mechanism, the final effect of which is the same as the algebraic sum of their separate effects
Addition
BZD + Antihistamine = sedation
Addition
Beta blockers + Non-DHPs
Addition
Results when two drugs on similar mechanism enhance the action of each other to produce an effect much greater than the sum of each drug acting separately
Synergism
Occurs when two drugs acting on different mechanism or receptors are raken together and one of them intensifies the action of the other
Potentiation
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
Potentiation
Ampicillin + Sulbactam
Potentiation
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Potentiation
Legodopa + Carbidopa
Potentiation
Two drugs with opposing action may result in the reduction or cancellation of the effect of one or drug drugs
Antagonism
Naloxone + Morphine
Antagonism
Warfarin + Green Leafy Vegetables
Drug-Food interaction
Spironolactone + Banana
Drug-food interaction
Rifampicin + Urinalysis
Drug-Laboratory Interactions