SAS 6 Flashcards
Are physical and chemical reactions that occur in vitro between two or more drug when the solutions are combined in the same syringe, tubing, or bottle
Incompatibilities
This type of reaction can cause visible changes, including precipitation; changes in color, consistency, or oplescence; or gas production
Physical reactions
occurs more commonly with multiple additives.
Physical incompatibility
occurs when mixing two drugs and changes the potency of their active ingredients
Chemical incompatibility
Is a term used to describe the interaction of two of more substances that result in changes to the medical, physical, or chemical properties of the pharmaceutical dosage forms
Compatibility
ICU means..
Intensive care unit
is an undesirable reaction that occurs between the drug and the solution, container or another drug
Incompatibility
Means outside the living body and in an artificial environment such as test tube or petri dish
In-vitro
Means within a living organism such as plant or animal
In-vivo
A type of manifestion that happens between solids and liquids
Incomplete Solution: Insolubility
A type of manifestion that has the inability of the solid material to dissolve in a particular solvent system
Incomplete Solution: Insolubility
A type of manifestion that two or more liquids fail to mix homogenously
Incomplete Solution: Immiscibility
A type of manifestion that occurs due to solvent is insoluble when it is added to solution
Precipitation
A type of manifestion that results when highly hydrted inorganic ions deprive organic ions and molecules of adequate water molecules to remain dissolved
Precipitation: Salting-out a.k.a DEHYDRATION
A type of manifestion that electrolytes and Non-electrolytes compete for water molecules
Precipitation: Salting-out a.k.a DEHYDRATION
A type of manifestion that absorbs heat=increase temp of solution=increase solubility
Precipitation: Change in temperature: Endothermic reaction
A type of manifestion that gives off heat=decrease temp=decrease solubility of the solution
Precipitation: Change in temperature: Exothermic Reaction
A type of manifestion that absorbs moisture=liquefy
Liquefaction/Melting: Deliquescence
A type of manifestion that is due to lowering of MP of two olids combined together at room temperature
Liquefaction/Melting: Eutexia
A type of manifestion that releases H2O of crystallization
Liquefaction/Melting: Efflorescence
A type of manifestion that increases vapor pressure
Vaporization
A type of manifestion that has the ability of a substance to exist in different crystalline forms
Polymorphism
A type of manifestion that is a reverse of liquefaction
Water loss
Type of incompatibility: Gum+alcohol
Insolubility
Type of incompatibility: Oil+water
Immiscibility
Type of incompatibility: Camphor+water+KBr
Salting-out
Type of incompatibility: Ammonium chloride solution
Endothermic reaction
Type of incompatibility: Crumbling of ointments
Water loss
Type of occurence: Dehydrogenation
Oxidation
Type of occurence: VILEORA
Oxidation
Type of occurence: Hydrogenation
Reduction
Type of occurence: VDGEROA
Reduction
Type of occurence: Ca(OH)2 + CO2
Acid base reaction: Precipitation
Type of occurence: Effervescent granules
Acid-base reaction: Evolution of gas
Type of occurence: most common cause of degradation; eg. Ester, ASA, Amide
Hydrolysis
Type of occurence: a.k.a Photooxidation, Photolysis
Photochemical Degradation
Type of occurence: occurence of an optically active drug to an optically inactive drug
Racemization
Type of occurence: Racemic mixture
Racemization
Type of occurence: Formation of gels
Gelatinization
Type of occurence: formation of cake
cementation
Chemical can be changing the order of mixing the solutions in dilute forms, without or by changing the order of mixing
Tolerated incompatibility
change in the formulation is needed with a compound having equal therapeutic value
Adjusted incompatibilities
chemical reaction takes place, immediately after combining the prescription ingredients
Immediate incompatibility
chemical reaction proceeds at a very slow rate and no appreciable visible change occurs which may develop on keeping the product for a long time
Delayed incompatibility
When the prescriber knowingly prescribes the imcompatible drugs
Intentional
When the prescriber prescribes the drugs without knowing that there is incompatibility between the prescribed drugs
Unidirectional