SAS 10

Question 1

two types of data

Answer 1

primary data
secondary daya

Question 2

are data collected directly by the researcher himself. These are first-hand original sources. data collection can be more effective and informative if given the necessary preparation and planning.

Answer 2

primary data

Question 3

are information taken from published or unpublished materials previously gathered by other researchers or agencies such as books, newspapers, magazine, journals, published and unpublished thesis and dissertations.

Answer 3

secondary data

Question 4

one of the most important parts of the research work that needs preparation and planning is choosing the right and appropriate sampling method

Answer 4

sampling techniques

Question 5

two types of sampling technique

Answer 5

probability sampling
non-probability sampling

Question 6

every unit has a chance of being selected and that chance can be quantified.

Answer 6

probability sampling

Question 7

involves the selection of a sample from a population based on the principle of randomization or chance It is more complex, more time consuming and usually more costly than non- probability sampling.

Answer 7

probability sampling

Question 8

every item in the population does not have an equal chances of being selected and the results are often biased.

Answer 8

non-probability sampling

Question 9

types of probability sampling

Answer 9

simple random sampling
systematic random sampling
stratified random sampling
cluster random sampling

Question 10

types of non-probability sampling

Answer 10

convenience sampling
snowball sampling/ respondent-driven sampling
voluntary sampling

Question 11

is commonly recommended to prevent the possibility of bias or erroneous inference

Answer 11

simple random sampling

Question 12

each member of the population has an equal chance to be included in the sample gathered

Answer 12

simple random sampling

Question 13

2 ways can be done through simple random sampling

Answer 13

table of random numbers
lottery or fishbowl technique

Question 14

write the name of each subject on small slips of paper and deposit them in a box. After they have been thoroughly mixed, the first pick is made followed by other until the chosen size is chosen.

Answer 14

lottery/fishbowl technique

Question 15

2 ways using lottery fishbowl technique

Answer 15

sampling without placement
sampling with placement

Question 16

in which the drawn papers are no longer returned in the container

Answer 16

sampling without placement

Question 17

involves returning to the container every piece of paper drawn

Answer 17

sampling with placement

Question 18

every nth individual or item in the population is selected, starting with a randomly chosen starting point.

Answer 18

systematic random sampling

Question 19

This method is useful when the population is ordered, such as in a list or a production line.

Answer 19

systematic random sampling

Question 20

Select sample at regular intervals based on sampling fraction
• The items or individuals are arranged in some way- perhaps alphabetically or other sort

Answer 20

systematic random sampling

Question 21

the population is divided into non-overlapping strata or groups based on specific characteristics (e.g., age, gender, income level).

Answer 21

stratified random sampling

Question 22

A random sample is then drawn from each stratum, ensuring that each group is proportionally represented in the sample.

Answer 22

stratified random sampling

Question 23

Select random samples from within homogenous subgroups (strata)
• The strata are homogenous as possible and at the same time each stratum is different from one another as much as possible

Answer 23

stratified random sampling

Question 24

the population is divided into naturally occurring groups or clusters.

Answer 24

cluster random sampling

Question 25

A random sample of clusters is then selected, and all individuals within the chosen clusters are included in the sample.

Answer 25

cluster random sampling

Question 26

This method is useful when the population is spread out over a large geographic area.

Answer 26

cluster random sampling

Question 27

select all units within randomly selected geographic clusters

Answer 27

cluster random sampling

Question 28

• This can be done by subdividing the population into smaller units and then selecting only at random some primary units where the study would be concentrated

Answer 28

cluster random sampling

Question 29

• Cluster sampling is sometimes referred to as an “_________” because it is frequently applied on a geographical basis

Answer 29

area sampling

Question 30

is the process of organizing, summarizing, and displaying data in a dear, visually avealing, and meaningful way that facilitates Understanding, interpretation, and communication of this ressarch findings or insights.

Answer 30

data presentation

Question 31

are collected in an investigation and they are not organized systematically.

Answer 31

raw data

Question 32

Raw data are presented in the form of frequency distribution are called

Answer 32

grouped data

Question 33

2 methods of organizing the raw data

Answer 33

setting up an array
stem-and-leaf- diagram

Question 34

An ordering of the observations from the smallest to the largest or vice versa is an

Answer 34

array

Question 35

statistical tool used to organize and summarize data by showing the frequencies (number on tause is a sis or relative frequencies (proportions or percentages) of aditerive values or categories in a dataset.

Answer 35

frequency distribution table

Question 36

A tabular arrangement or data by classes together with the corresponding class trequencies called

Answer 36

frequency distribution or frequency table

Question 37

ways of constructing a frequency distribution table

Answer 37

first method
second method

Question 38

Choosing a convenient class size- to facilitate the construction of classes use multiple numbers for the class size that is easy to work such as 5, 10,20, or 50..

Answer 38

first method

Question 39

may be used for more convenient class size. This method gives a more appropriate and direct way of computing the class size.

Answer 39

second method: the Sturge’s formula

Question 40

a point that represents the halfway point between two successive classes is called

Answer 40

true limits or class boundary

Question 41

is the midpoint of a class interval

Answer 41

class mark