SARs In The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

What is the PNS comprised of?

Answer 1

The somatic efferent system - inner gates skeletal muscle. VOLUNTARY

Autonomic system - inner gates smooth muscle. INVOLUNTARY

Question 2

What is the autonomic system comprised of?

Answer 2

Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 3

What’s the difference in signal speed between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic signals go straight from the CNS to the tissue - much faster

Sympathetic signals go to a sympathetic chain and THEN to the tissues - much slower

Question 4

Why’re ganglions significant?

Answer 4

As there is a break, neurological synapse, which requires neurotransmitters

This can be manipulated with drugs, blocking or increasing selectivity

Question 5

What’s the structure of acetylcholine?

Answer 5

Question 6

What’s the structure of noradrenaline?

Answer 6

Question 7

Where does the sympathetic nervous system typically gather signals from the CNS?

Answer 7

Thoracic and Lumbar regions

Question 8

Where does the parasympathetic nervous system typically gather signals from the CNS?

Answer 8

Medulla and sacral regions

Question 9

What does somatic mean?

Answer 9

Voluntary

Question 10

What neurotransmitter is at the sacral ganglion?

Answer 10

ACh

Question 11

What neurotransmitter is at the medulla ganglion?

Answer 11

ACh, then ACh again

Question 12

What neurotransmitter is at the cervical ganglion?

Answer 12

ACh, then nor adrenaline after sympathetic chain

Question 13

What neurotransmitter is at the thoracic ganglion?

Answer 13

ACh, then dopamine after sympathetic chain

Question 14

What neurotransmitter is at the lumbar ganglion?

Answer 14

ACh, then ACh again

Question 15

What’re the predominant receptors for ACh in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Answer 15

Nicotinic, in both systems

Question 16

What’re the receptors present at the tissue for the medulla and lumbar regions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 16

Muscarinic, both activated by ACh

Question 17

What’re the receptors present at the tissue for the cervic region of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 17

Adrenoreceptors - alpha and ß

Question 18

What’re the receptors present at the tissue for the thoracic region of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 18

Dopamine receptors

Question 19

What’s characteristic of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 19

No ganglia break, one single neuron all the way to the muscle

ACh is the neurotransmitter

ACh acts on nicotinic receptors located on skeletal muscle membranes

Question 20

What are nicotinic receptors linked to on skeletal muscle membranes?

Answer 20

Nicotinic receptors are linked to a Na+ ion channel on muscles

Question 21

What’s the diffference between the length of the pre and post neuron in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 21

Parasympathetic - long pre-ganglionic nerve, short post-ganglionic nerve

Sympathetic - short pre-ganglionic nerve, long post-ganglionic nerve

BOTH pre-ganglionic nerves release ACh to act on nicotinic receptors on the post-ganglionic nerve

Question 22

What are 3 agonists at nicotinic receptors?

Answer 22

ACh, nicotine and carbachol

Question 23

What are 3 antagonists at nicotinic receptors?

Answer 23

d-tubocurarine - paralyses muscle

Pancuronium

Suxamethonium - ganglion blocker

Question 24

What system does the term ‘rest and digest’ refer to?

Answer 24

The parasympathetic system

Question 25

What system does the term ‘fight or flight’ refer to?

Answer 25

Sympathetic system