SAP Anthropology Quiz Flashcards
Margaret Mead
- Studied the Samoan culture.
- She wrote the book called “Coming in Age of Samoa”.
- Nurture was more important than nature.
- Concluded that a person’s personality is influenced by the society they live in.
Franz Boas
- Studied the impact of the physical environment and the adaptations of the Inuit people.
- He is considered the founder of American anthropology.
- Established the link between anthropology and ethnology
-> the study of origin’s similarities and differences of the race and culture. - He is best known for developing the concept of cultural relativism.
Lewis Henry Morgan
- Introduced to the method of kinship. (relationship derived from marriage, birth, or adoption)
- He said human societies progresses through 3 stages: savagery, barbarism, and civilization.
Bronislaw Malinowski
- argued that culture serves specific needs of individuals (functionalism).
- known for developing the form of participant observation.
- He studied the Kula Ring - ceremonial exchange among islanders.
Ruth Benedict
- Believed that the personality is highly influenced by the society that the person live in.
- During WW2, she studied the nature of Japanese culture.
- This helped the U.S to come up with a realistic plan of how to redevelop Japanese culture after the war.
- She showed that anthropology was gaining respect from American society.
The Leaky’s
- Louis, Mary, and Richard were physical anthropologist.
- Louis and Mary reconstructed the ancient human civilization back from 100 000 to 2 million years ago.
- Louis and Mary experimented with axes and scrapers in order to know how our ancestors hunted.
- Mary discovered the Laetoli footprint which as a evidence to bipedalism.
- Louis believed that apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas had a commonality with humans.
Jane Goodall
- She spent most of her life studying about chimpanzees.
- Discovered that chimpanzees had “tools” that they use for their daily routines.
- Chimps weren’t fully vegetarian.
-> they will sometimes kill one of their tribes and eat them. - Discovered that chimpanzees had highly developed social structure.
- Concluded that the highly developed social structure was similar to what the early ancestors might have been like.
- She helped the social scientists to have a insight of how the early human kingdom might have looked like.
Raymond Dart
- Examined fossils and other remains in order to know the evolutionary development of humanity.
- He found a skull in 1920.
- He believed that the skull represented the transition stage between apes and humans (named it Australopithecus - Southern Ape)
- He came up with the Savannah Theory.
-> hominids started to stand upright to have a less possibility of getting overheated by the sun.
-> will be easier for transportation and able to get food from tall trees. - Came up with the Killer Ape Theory.
-> the early hominids gained aggressiveness and violence behavior towards other species.
Diane Fossey
- Studied the mountain gorillas in Rwanda.
- She discovered the highly developed social structure.
- She believed that gorillas had a lot of commonality as our early ancestors.
- Came up with the Gorilla Fund to help mountain gorillas that are getting endangered.
- later died by getting killed by the gorilla poachers for keeping them away from the gorillas.
Birute Galdikas
- Studied the social structure of orangutans.
- Believed that the social structure had commonalities with our early ancestors.
- Discovered the Orangutans Foundation International.
-> it is to protect orangutans through habitat preventions.
Richard B. Lee
- Studied the culture of the !Kungs.
- The !Kungs made verbal abuse to make people humble.
Marcel Mauss
- Discovered the method of gift giving.
- The Kula Ring: exchanging necklace and arm band between two peoples which allows trading food and materials and maintaining a peaceful relationship.
Claude Levi-Strauss
- Analyzed different culture’s artifacts to know their thought patterns.
- Believed that knowing the culture’s concept of supernatural will give a greater understanding of the people.
Savagery
The stage of hunting and gathering.
Barbarism
The stage of settled agriculture.
Civilization
The stage of urban society.
Nature
Physical abilities.
Nurture
The environment around us that affects the behavior of a person.
Evolution
All things originated from a simpler form.
Culture
A shared system of beliefs, values, and symbols.
Ethnocentrism
Believing that your culture is the best.
Functionalism
All culture serve specific needs of individuals.
Cultural Relativism
all culture should be judged by their own merits.
Out of Africa
- All humans migrated from Africa.
- Everyone is from the same place.
Anthropology
The study of physical and social development of humanity.
Physical Anthropology
Trying the differentiate human with another species.
Cultural Anthropology
The study of how culture affects the ideas and behavior of humans.
Primatology
The study of non-human species or animals.
Participant Observation
A careful watching of a group, sometimes joining their lives or activities.
Archeology
The cultural study of the past.
Linguistic Anthropology
The study of languages and how they are used.
Ethnology
The study and comparison of past and present.
Ethnography
A in-depth study of a particular culture.
Social Anthropology
The study of social organization of living people.
Salaam
The bone that indicates that hominids walked upright (became bipedal).
Homo Erectus
- Walking upright
- Control fire
- Ability to sweat.
- Persistence of hunting.
