SAP Anthropology Quiz Flashcards
1
Q
Margaret Mead
A
- Studied the Samoan culture.
- She wrote the book called “Coming in Age of Samoa”.
- Nurture was more important than nature.
- Concluded that a person’s personality is influenced by the society they live in.
2
Q
Franz Boas
A
- Studied the impact of the physical environment and the adaptations of the Inuit people.
- He is considered the founder of American anthropology.
- Established the link between anthropology and ethnology
-> the study of origin’s similarities and differences of the race and culture. - He is best known for developing the concept of cultural relativism.
3
Q
Lewis Henry Morgan
A
- Introduced to the method of kinship. (relationship derived from marriage, birth, or adoption)
- He said human societies progresses through 3 stages: savagery, barbarism, and civilization.
4
Q
Bronislaw Malinowski
A
- argued that culture serves specific needs of individuals (functionalism).
- known for developing the form of participant observation.
- He studied the Kula Ring - ceremonial exchange among islanders.
5
Q
Ruth Benedict
A
- Believed that the personality is highly influenced by the society that the person live in.
- During WW2, she studied the nature of Japanese culture.
- This helped the U.S to come up with a realistic plan of how to redevelop Japanese culture after the war.
- She showed that anthropology was gaining respect from American society.
6
Q
The Leaky’s
A
- Louis, Mary, and Richard were physical anthropologist.
- Louis and Mary reconstructed the ancient human civilization back from 100 000 to 2 million years ago.
- Louis and Mary experimented with axes and scrapers in order to know how our ancestors hunted.
- Mary discovered the Laetoli footprint which as a evidence to bipedalism.
- Louis believed that apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas had a commonality with humans.
7
Q
Jane Goodall
A
- She spent most of her life studying about chimpanzees.
- Discovered that chimpanzees had “tools” that they use for their daily routines.
- Chimps weren’t fully vegetarian.
-> they will sometimes kill one of their tribes and eat them. - Discovered that chimpanzees had highly developed social structure.
- Concluded that the highly developed social structure was similar to what the early ancestors might have been like.
- She helped the social scientists to have a insight of how the early human kingdom might have looked like.
8
Q
Raymond Dart
A
- Examined fossils and other remains in order to know the evolutionary development of humanity.
- He found a skull in 1920.
- He believed that the skull represented the transition stage between apes and humans (named it Australopithecus - Southern Ape)
- He came up with the Savannah Theory.
-> hominids started to stand upright to have a less possibility of getting overheated by the sun.
-> will be easier for transportation and able to get food from tall trees. - Came up with the Killer Ape Theory.
-> the early hominids gained aggressiveness and violence behavior towards other species.
9
Q
Diane Fossey
A
- Studied the mountain gorillas in Rwanda.
- She discovered the highly developed social structure.
- She believed that gorillas had a lot of commonality as our early ancestors.
- Came up with the Gorilla Fund to help mountain gorillas that are getting endangered.
- later died by getting killed by the gorilla poachers for keeping them away from the gorillas.
10
Q
Birute Galdikas
A
- Studied the social structure of orangutans.
- Believed that the social structure had commonalities with our early ancestors.
- Discovered the Orangutans Foundation International.
-> it is to protect orangutans through habitat preventions.
11
Q
Richard B. Lee
A
- Studied the culture of the !Kungs.
- The !Kungs made verbal abuse to make people humble.
12
Q
Marcel Mauss
A
- Discovered the method of gift giving.
- The Kula Ring: exchanging necklace and arm band between two peoples which allows trading food and materials and maintaining a peaceful relationship.
13
Q
Claude Levi-Strauss
A
- Analyzed different culture’s artifacts to know their thought patterns.
- Believed that knowing the culture’s concept of supernatural will give a greater understanding of the people.
14
Q
Savagery
A
The stage of hunting and gathering.
15
Q
Barbarism
A
The stage of settled agriculture.
