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OMS2 - Semester 2 - BECOM Exam 1 > Santos > Flashcards

Santos Flashcards

1
Q

Ondesetron, Granisetron, Dolesetron, Palonesetron

A
  • block 5-HT3R
  • for chemo- or post-op induced vomiting
  • AE: SERROTONIN SYNDROME and QT PROLONGATION
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2
Q

Aprepitant, Netupitant, Rolapitant

A
  • blocks NK-1R
  • for chemo-induced vomiting
  • metabolized by CYP3A4 -> Aprepitant decreases INR in ptxs on Warfarin
  • QT prolongation if used w/ cisapride
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3
Q

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Meclinizine

A
  • blocks H1R
  • prevent motion sickness/vertigo and chemo induced vomiting
  • 1st 2 have SEDATING properties
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4
Q

Hyoscine (Scopalamine)

A
  • blocks M1R
  • prevent motion sickness/vertigo
  • transdermal patch
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5
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • blocks D2R
  • for chemo induced vomiting
  • SAFE DURING PREGNANCY
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6
Q

Prochlorperazine and Promethazine

A
  • anti-psychotic
  • blocks D2R -> antiemetic
  • EXTRAPYRAMIDAL symptoms
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7
Q

Olanzapine

A
  • anti-psychotic

- blocks D2R -> antiemetic

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8
Q

Droperidol

A
  • anti-psychotic
  • blocks D2R -> antiemetic
  • EXTRAPYRAMIDAL symptoms and QT PROLONGATION
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9
Q

Dronabinol

A
  • CB1R agonist
  • appetite stimulant in AIDS ptxs
  • prevent chemo-induced nausea
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10
Q

Pyridoxine (vit. B6) + Doxylamine (H1 receptor blocker)

A

-treat nausea/vomiting in PREGNANCY

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11
Q

Diazepam and Lorazepam

A

-reduce anticipatory vomiting from anxiety in chemo ptxs

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12
Q

when do you NOT want to give anti-diarrheals?

A

-bloody diarrhea, fever, systemic toxicity

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13
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (pepto-bismol)

A
  • anti-diarrheal
  • treats H. pylori and TRAVELERS DIARRHEA
  • AE: REYE’S SYNDROME, hearing loss, dark stools, black tongue
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14
Q

Loperamide

A
  • uOpiod receptor agonist -> anti-diarrheal
  • does NOT cross blood brain barrier
  • used for Travelers diarrhea
  • not used in children <2 y/o
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15
Q

Diphenoxylate and Difenoxin

A
  • uOpiod receptor agonist -> anti-diarrheal
  • CROSSES blood brain barrier
  • Schedule V CONTROLLED substance by DEA
  • used w/ ATROPINE -> promote constipation and prevent abuse
  • AE: TOXIC MEGACOLON
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16
Q

Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Colesevelam

A
  • sequester excess bile salts/acid -> prevent diarrhea
  • can exacerbate fat malabsorption
  • 1st 2 prevent absorption of drugs
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17
Q

Octreotide

A
  • SST analogue
  • inhibit secretion of 5-HT and GI peptides (VIP) -> treat secretory diarrhea
  • for variceal bleeding, dysmotility, acute pancreatitis
18
Q

Calcium polycarbophil and Carboxymethylcellulose

A
  • bulk forming agents

- for chronic diarrhea in IBS

19
Q

Crofelemer

A
  • inhibit cAMP-stimulated CFTR Cl- channels and Ca2+ activated Cl- channels on the luminal enterocyte -> prevent water loss
  • treat diarrhea associated with ART therapy in HIV/AIDS ptxs
20
Q

the most important NT in the ENS

A

5-HT

-released by enterochromaffin cells (ETC) -> + gut reflexes

21
Q

pro kinetic drugs

A

-treat constipation -> increase COORDINATED GI motility

22
Q

Bethanechol and Carbchol

A

-+ M3 receptor at myenteric plexus -> increase ACh -> increase motility

23
Q

Neostigmine

A

-AChE inhibitor -> increase ACh at myenteric plexus -> increase motility

24
Q

Metoclopramide and Domperidone

A

-D2R blockers -> increase ACh and GI motility

25
Q

Meoclopramide

A
  • both D2R blocker and 5-HT4R agonist -> increase ACh and GI motility
  • AE: TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
26
Q

Cisapride

A
  • 5-HT4R agonist and weak 5-HT3R antagonist -> increase ACh and GI motility
  • AE: cardiac -> FATAL ARRYTHMIAS and QT PROLONGATION
27
Q

Tegaserod

A
  • PARTIAL 5-HT4R agonist -> increase ACh and GI motility

- for constipation w/ IBS

28
Q

motilin

A

-release from M cells and ETC cells -> increase GI motility

29
Q

erythromycin (macrolide)

A
  • bind to GPCR like motilin -> increase GI motility (only gastric and small bowel)
  • used for diabetic gastroparesis
30
Q

Psyllium, Methylcellulose, Polycarbophil

A
  • bulk-forming laxatives

- colloids absorb water -> distention -> peristalsis

31
Q

Docusate

A
  • ANIONIC stool surfactant/softener

- lower stool surface tension -> promote water and lipid penetration

32
Q

Mineral oil and Glycerin suppository

A

-other stool surfactant agents

33
Q

Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) and Magnesium citrate

A
  • osmotic laxatives
  • for bowel cleansing before procedures or constipation
  • AE: hypermagnasemia or ABUSED BY BULEMICS
34
Q

Senna***

A
  • stimulant laxative -> + ENS

- prolonged use -> MELANOSIS COLI

35
Q

Bisacodyl

A
  • stimulant laxative

- safe for long term use

36
Q

Castor oil

A
  • stimulant laxative

- AE: unpleasant taste and toxic effects on ENS

37
Q

Lubiprostone

A
  • chloride secretion activator

- + type 2 chloride channels (ClC-2)

38
Q

Linaclotide and Plecanatide

A
  • chloride secretion activators
  • bind type 2 chloride channels and + guanylate cyclase
  • NOT USED IN PEDIATRICS
39
Q

Methylnaltrexone and Alvimopan

A
  • opioid receptor antagonists (u-Opioid receptors)

- AE: CV TOXICITY

40
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

for opioid induced constipation

41
Q

Alvimopan

A

for post-op ileus

OMS2 - Semester 2 - BECOM Exam 1 (7 decks)

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