sanskrit_basic terms Flashcards
Vowel
Svara (स्वर)
13 vowels
Consonant
Vyañjana (व्यञ्जन)
33 consonants
Root (verbal root)
Dhātu (धातु)
2104 roots
Base (nominal stem)
Prātipadika (प्रातिपदिक)
The base form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective before adding case ending
Noun
Nāma (नाम)
Pronoun
Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम)
Sarva means ‘all’ or ‘every’
Adjective
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
Verbs in their modified forms
Tiṇanta (तिङन्त)
A word ending in a tiṅ suffix; includes verbs in their modified forms.
Nouns, adjectives, and pronouns.
Subanta (सुबन्त)
A word ending in a sup suffix; includes nouns, adjectives, and pronouns.
Suffix
Pratyaya (प्रत्यय)
A word ending added to change its meaning or grammatical function
Case
Vibhakti (विभक्ति)
Expl. Rāmaḥ, Rāmam, Rāmeṇa
Phonetic combination
Sandhi (संधि)
Word formation
Śabdarūpa (शब्दरूप)
śabda (शब्द) = “word”. rūpa (रूप) = “form”
ṃ sound
Anusvāra (अनुस्वार)
Letterlijk. Nasale klank
ḥ sound
Visarga (विसर्ग)
Letter
Varṇa, वर्ण
Word
Pada, पद
Sentence
Vākya, वाक्य
Gender
liṅga (लिङ्ग)
number
vacana वचन
Masculine
Pulinga (पुंलिङ्ग)
Feminine
Strīliṅga (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)
Neuter
Napuṁsakaliṅga (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)
Words ending with a vowel.
Ajanta (अजन्त)
Words that end with a consonant.
Halanta (हलन्त)
An apostrophe-like mark that indicates a missing vowel (used in Sandhi)
Avagraha
Case Endings for Nouns
Supratyaya (सुप्प्रत्यय)
Refers specifically to the 21 noun suffixes used in declensions.
The verb suffixes that are added to verb roots (dhātus) to indicate tense, mood, person, and number.
Tiṅ-pratyaya (तिङ्-प्रत्यय)
