Sanitation Flashcards

1
Q

How are infectious agents transmitted

A
Urine
Feces
Saliva
Inhalation 
Skin
Sex
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2
Q

What different viruses are there

A
Viruses 
Bacteria
Fungus 
Parasites 
Rickettsia
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3
Q

Does one medication kill all infections

A

No

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4
Q

5 routes of transmission

A
Aerosol 
Oral 
Direct contact 
Fomites 
Vector-borne; sexual if intact
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5
Q

Aerosol

A

Spread by air; inhalation of droplets containing pathogen (coughing, sneezing)

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6
Q

Oral

A

Ingestion of food/h20 containing infected material

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7
Q

Direct contact

A

Spread directly from animal to human through open wounds, mucous membranes, skin

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8
Q

Fomites

A

Spread by contamination of non-living surface (shoes, clothing, equipment, counters)

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9
Q

Vector borne

A

Occurs when insect picks up disease from animal to a person or vise versa

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10
Q

Contagious

A

Transfer from one person to another

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11
Q

Zoonotic

A

Disease that can be transmitted from animal to a person or vise versa

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12
Q

6 groups of people at risk of getting sick from zoonotic disease

A
Infants/children under 5 years 
Elderly 
Pregnant woman 
People undergoing cancer treatment 
Transplant patients 
Immunosuppressive diseases
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13
Q

How to prevent risks of zoonotic diseases

A

Vaccinate
Feed good quality/disease free food
Prevent external/internal parasites
Keep well groomed

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14
Q

Animals most at risk for carrying zoonotic diseases

A
Monkeys 
Reptiles 
Wildlife/strays 
Unvaccinated/young animals 
Birds
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15
Q

What animals have the best chance of passing zoonotic diseases

A

All animals

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16
Q

How to avoid contracting zoonotic diseases at work

A
Hand washing 
Limit staff contacting infectious animals 
Wear gloves 
Dispose of infectious waste 
Follow proper disinfection protocols
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17
Q

Ways to avoid zoonotic diseases

A

Handwashing inbetween patients and people
Skin barrier, gloves especially if have open wounds
Isolating infectious animals
Dispose of biohazards waste
Make sure clinic cleaned/disinfected thoroughly

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18
Q

Bacteria definition.

A

Single celled microorganism (need microscope to see)

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19
Q

Cultures and sensitivities

A

The process of growing bacteria in order to test its sensitivity to various antibiotics
Takes a while, done at off site lab

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20
Q

Spores, bacteria

A

Some bacteria can form spores which are highly resistant to being killed in the environment and disinfectants

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21
Q

Examples of spore bacteria

A

Salmonella

Bordetella

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22
Q

Viruses

A

Very basic organism packages of protein that can produce within a host (require host such as animal/plant to replicate)

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23
Q

Enveloped viruses

A

Help virus enter host
Sensitive to drying out, heat, disinfection
Need to transfer from one host to the other
Can change rapidly to evade a host immune system.

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24
Q

Animal specific enveloped viruses

A

Para-influenza
Rabies
FIV

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25
Q

Non-enveloped viruses

A
Can live in environment much longer 
Less adaptable in host 
Lack of envelope means it uses other ways to enter host 
Much harder to kill in environment 
Isolation, major cleaning protocol
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26
Q

Examples of non-enveloped viruses

A

Parvo

Feline panleukopenia

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27
Q

Two categories of fungal infections

A

Cutaneous

Systemic

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28
Q

Cutaneous

A

Skin disease

Ringworm, yeast

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29
Q

Systemic

A

Wide spread infection throughout body, lungs, liver, brain
Much more life threatening
Warmer environments
Blastomycosis, cryptococcus

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30
Q

Common dog vaccines

A
DA2PP 
Distemper 
CAV-1 and CAV-2 
Para-influenza
Parvo 
Rabies
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31
Q

Is para-influenza considered a vaccine

A

No, often part of combo vaccine

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32
Q

Common cat vaccines

A
FVRCP 
Feline rhinotracheitis 
Calici 
Panleukemia 
Rabies
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33
Q

Common ferret vaccines

A

Rabies

Distemper

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34
Q

What do vaccinations do

A

Boost antibody levels in animals and people which allows them to fight off infection

35
Q

How are antibody levels determined

A
Vaccine type
Health status of pet 
If medications (steroids ) given
36
Q

Who do we not vaccinate

A

Sick animals who are less capable of producing adequate antibody response

37
Q

Why are several boosters given to young animals

A

Interference with maternal antibodies in young animals
Antibodies in mother’s milk will not allow full response to vaccine
Remain until 14-16 weeks

38
Q

Canine distemper

A
Highly contagious 
Often fatal in unvaccinated dogs 
Shed in all secretions 
Attacks brain, skin, respiratory tract 
Supportive care, fluids needed
39
Q

Vaccine for distemper

A

DA2PP vaccine 1-3 year forms

40
Q

Parvovirus core vaccine

A

Spread by stool
Immunosuppressive/puppies most commonly infected
SNAP test to diagnose
Hospitalization

41
Q

Hepatitis core vaccine

A

Caused by adenovirus 1 (Cav 1) rare due to vaccination
Shed in urine /secretions for many months
Part of DA2PP vaccine

42
Q

What is the most important zoonotic disease in the world and why is it less common now

A

Rabies

Because we pay attention to it

43
Q

Where is rabies the most common in Canada and what kind of animals most commonly carry it

A

Ontario

Bats, foxes, skunks, raccoons (wildlife)

44
Q

When to give rabies vaccines

A

Between 3-6 months
Boost at a year
Then every 1-3 years

45
Q

How is rabies prevented in animals

A

Vaccines prevent disease transmission
Some programs vaccinate wild /stray animals
Quarantine if concern with animal bite

46
Q

How is rabies prevented in people

A

Wash wound vigorously if bitten, see physician
Any dog who bites person quarantined for 10 days
Rabies vaccinations recommended for VOAs

47
Q

When are human vaccinations recommended

A

People who are more at risk of exposure
Vets
Aht
Voa

48
Q

Kennel cough non core

A

Bordetella
Many bacteria/viruses involved
Cough/secretions
Vaccinate show dogs, boarding, kennels/day cares, dog parks, groomers

49
Q

How are vaccinations for bordetella given

A

Intranasal
Intraoral
Injectible

50
Q

What is the vaccine for bordetella called

A

Para-influenza + CAV-2 (Da2PP core vaccine)

51
Q

Canine coronavirus non core

A

Similar to Parvo symptoms

Dogs in close housing/showing animals (kenneled)

52
Q

Leptospirosis non core

A

Urine (drinking water, skin)

Zoonotic

53
Q

Leptospirosis non core

A

Urine (drinking water, skin)

Zoonotic

54
Q

Lyme disease non core

A

Spread by infected ticks
Usually dogs/people , tick season (warmer months)
5-10 hours for tick to spread infection
Vaccine for at risk dogs

55
Q

What to do if old client asks for vaccines

A

Check what vaccines they are due for

56
Q

What to do if new client needs vaccine

A

Recommend they bring previous records or have client contact previous clinic to fax records

57
Q

When are puppy/kitten vaccinations done

A

8, 12 and 16 weeks

58
Q

When are puppy/kitten vaccinations done

A

8, 12 and 16 weeks

59
Q

When are vaccinations typically boosted

A

1 year and 1 or 3 year vaccinations

60
Q

How often are KC vaccinations done

A

Can be done every 6 months

61
Q

Active immunity

A

Animal exposed to disease agent (or vaccine) and responds by producing antibodies to protect that animal against that agent
Vaccines never work as well as actual infection (reasons boosters needed at various times)

62
Q

Passive immunity

A

When immunity from 1 animal gets passed to another

Mother passes antibodies to offspring through placenta

63
Q

Signs of anaphylactic shock

A

Vomiting, swollen face, pale gums, difficulty breathing within 10-20 minutes of vaccine
Notify vet asap
Marble sized bump
Anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine

64
Q

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis AKA herpes-core

A

Common, similar to calici virus
Not zoonotic
Discharge, fomites

65
Q

Calici-core

A

Very common

Part of FVRCP

66
Q

Panleukopenia-core

A

Feline distemper
Direct contact, fomites
Caused by parvovirus
Attacks WBC

67
Q

Chlamydia

A

Non core

Range of possible infections/host

68
Q

Feline leukemia

A

Non core
FeLV - most important cause of cancer
Saliva transmission/mothers milk
Stress increases chances

69
Q

FIP

A

Non core
Feline enteric coronavirus causes problem
Catteries- young/old/immunosuppressed

70
Q

FIV

A

Non core
Cat HIV
Deep cat bites
Can pass through placenta

71
Q

Dog vaccines

A
DA2PPU 
Rabies 
CV 
Bordetella
Kennel cough 
Lepto
72
Q

Dog vaccines at 8 weeks

A

DA2PPU

73
Q

12 weeks dog vaccines

A

DA2PPU

Kennel cough

74
Q

Dog vaccines 16 weeks

A

DA2PPU

Rabies

75
Q

When is DA2PPU boosted

A

1 year then

1-3 years

76
Q

When is rabies boosted

A

1 year later

Then every 1-3 years

77
Q

Lyme

A

Given and boosted in 1 month then every year

78
Q

Feline vaccinations

A

FVCRP
FelV
FIV
Rabies

79
Q

Cat 8 week vaccinations

A

FVRCP

80
Q

Cat vaccinations 12 weeks

A

FVRCP

FeLV

81
Q

Cat vaccines 16 weeks

A

FVRCP

Rabies

82
Q

FVRCP boosters

A

Boosted at 1 year then every 1-3 years

83
Q

When is FeLV boosted

A

Yearly i