Sanitation Flashcards
How are infectious agents transmitted
Urine Feces Saliva Inhalation Skin Sex
What different viruses are there
Viruses Bacteria Fungus Parasites Rickettsia
Does one medication kill all infections
No
5 routes of transmission
Aerosol Oral Direct contact Fomites Vector-borne; sexual if intact
Aerosol
Spread by air; inhalation of droplets containing pathogen (coughing, sneezing)
Oral
Ingestion of food/h20 containing infected material
Direct contact
Spread directly from animal to human through open wounds, mucous membranes, skin
Fomites
Spread by contamination of non-living surface (shoes, clothing, equipment, counters)
Vector borne
Occurs when insect picks up disease from animal to a person or vise versa
Contagious
Transfer from one person to another
Zoonotic
Disease that can be transmitted from animal to a person or vise versa
6 groups of people at risk of getting sick from zoonotic disease
Infants/children under 5 years Elderly Pregnant woman People undergoing cancer treatment Transplant patients Immunosuppressive diseases
How to prevent risks of zoonotic diseases
Vaccinate
Feed good quality/disease free food
Prevent external/internal parasites
Keep well groomed
Animals most at risk for carrying zoonotic diseases
Monkeys Reptiles Wildlife/strays Unvaccinated/young animals Birds
What animals have the best chance of passing zoonotic diseases
All animals
How to avoid contracting zoonotic diseases at work
Hand washing Limit staff contacting infectious animals Wear gloves Dispose of infectious waste Follow proper disinfection protocols
Ways to avoid zoonotic diseases
Handwashing inbetween patients and people
Skin barrier, gloves especially if have open wounds
Isolating infectious animals
Dispose of biohazards waste
Make sure clinic cleaned/disinfected thoroughly
Bacteria definition.
Single celled microorganism (need microscope to see)
Cultures and sensitivities
The process of growing bacteria in order to test its sensitivity to various antibiotics
Takes a while, done at off site lab
Spores, bacteria
Some bacteria can form spores which are highly resistant to being killed in the environment and disinfectants
Examples of spore bacteria
Salmonella
Bordetella
Viruses
Very basic organism packages of protein that can produce within a host (require host such as animal/plant to replicate)
Enveloped viruses
Help virus enter host
Sensitive to drying out, heat, disinfection
Need to transfer from one host to the other
Can change rapidly to evade a host immune system.
Animal specific enveloped viruses
Para-influenza
Rabies
FIV
Non-enveloped viruses
Can live in environment much longer Less adaptable in host Lack of envelope means it uses other ways to enter host Much harder to kill in environment Isolation, major cleaning protocol
Examples of non-enveloped viruses
Parvo
Feline panleukopenia
Two categories of fungal infections
Cutaneous
Systemic
Cutaneous
Skin disease
Ringworm, yeast
Systemic
Wide spread infection throughout body, lungs, liver, brain
Much more life threatening
Warmer environments
Blastomycosis, cryptococcus
Common dog vaccines
DA2PP Distemper CAV-1 and CAV-2 Para-influenza Parvo Rabies
Is para-influenza considered a vaccine
No, often part of combo vaccine
Common cat vaccines
FVRCP Feline rhinotracheitis Calici Panleukemia Rabies
Common ferret vaccines
Rabies
Distemper