Sander, Stark and Leonard et al

Question 1

By the age of 1, what consonants did Sander say babies have mastered?

Answer 1

p,m,h,n,w,b

Question 2

By the ages of 3/4, what constants did Sander say babies have mastered?

Answer 2

k,g,d,t,ng
f,y,r,l,s
sh,ch

Question 3

By the ages of 5/6, what consonants did Sander say babies have mastered?

Answer 3

j,v,th,zh

Question 4

What five stages did Stark (1980) divide babies pre-verbal vocalisations into?

Answer 4

0-6 weeks: Reflective vocalisation
6-16 weeks: Cooing and laughter
16-30 weeks: Vocal play
6-10 months: Reduplicative babbling
10-14 months: Variegated babbling

Question 5

What did Leonard et al (1980) say about the skills and sounds babies learn control of by babbling?

Answer 5

At the end of the babbling stage, babies have control of approximately 11 consonant sounds but NO CONSTONANT CLUSTERS
During this stage babies undergo phonemic contraction.