Sana - BIO - Flashcards
How does RNA primer help DNA poly III synthesize?
RNA primer is needed for DNA poly III to synthesize by adding nucleotides to each preceding 3’ hydroxyl group
what does histone acetylase do?
Histone deacetylase makes histones interact more closely with associated DNA
What is the difference between the RNA strand and DNA strand?
Remember that when asking for DNA strand, you choose the answer with T, not U
which strand direction does DNA polymerase use as a template?
DNA polymerase synthesizes in the 3’ direction, using 3’ as the template
what does an RNA AMP molecule have on the 2 carbon that a DNA AMP molecule does not?
an OH group on the 2 carbon
how is primase represented on a strand?
primase is the “circular” object that is “coating” the strand
when is a molecule susceptible to a nucleophilic attack? OR what does electron withdrawing mean?
a molecule is susceptible to a nucleophilic attack when it is less electron rich, meaning it is electron withdrawing
what is the key difference between DNA polymerases used in eukaryotic DNA replication?
DNA polymerases used in eukaryotic DNA replication have enzymes w different secondary structures / replicative functions
what acts as the nucleophile when forming a dipeptide bond?
the amino terminal nitrogen of one of the amino acids acts as the nucleophile, attacking the other amino acid
how do enzyme inhibitors affect protein?
enzyme inhibitors disrupt the function of proteins, but do not denature them
what does heat do in the gabriel synthesis?
heat is used at the end of gabriel synthesis to decarboxylate the molecule
what is special about proline’s structure?
proline is the only amino acid whose amine group forms a ring, reducing its fluidity compared to others
is it okay to round up when asking for how much of something is present?
no, do not round up bc your answer provides probably provides the max amount, so round down.
can diseases only be inherited from the mother?
no, diseases can also be inherited from the father (y chromosome)
are genes close together or far apart likely to be linked?
genes that are close together are more likely to be linked than genes that are far apart
why are bacterial models so useful when studying disease transmission?
bacterial models are useful bc bacteria are haploid organisms, so their division times are increased, but they also allow for simple genetic analysis
how do you calculate the probability for two different alleles that are equally probable?
you calculate the probability normally, and then divide by two at the end due to the different alleles being equally possible
how can you tell when a disease is autosomal dominant inheritance?
it is autosomal dominant when each generation has it
when a question is asking for all potential options, which do you choose?
choose the answer that has the potential to result in the desired outcome, even if it is not a 100% chance
how can you tell how many alleles (1 or 2) are mutated at a locus?
you can assume that both alleles at a locus are mutated if the disease has a dominant inheritance pattern
