Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SARON SAMRA Seminair > SAMRA > Flashcards

SAMRA Flashcards

1
Q

On a clear morning, with a surface temp of 28°C and a dew point of 12°C , the cloud base is estimated at ?

A

6500 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Subsidence ?

A

As the air sinks , its temp rises and relative humidity decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At what rate a saturated air mass subsides ?

A

Dry 3°/1000 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
What are the equivalent altitude of those level of pressures :
150 mbar
250 mbar
500 mbar
700 mbar
850 mbar
A 
150 mbar = 45000 ft
250 mbar = 34000 ft
500 mbar = 18000 ft
700 mbar = 10000ft
850 mbar = 5000 ft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference of Tropopause between warm air and cold air ?

A
  • The rate of decrease of pressure with height is greater in cold air than in warm air.
  • The vertical distance between 2 specific pressure level is less in cold air than in warm air.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Given the same pressure gradient, if the surface wind over Land is 30 kts and the angle it makes with the isobars is 30° what would it be over Water ?

A

40 knots and 20° with the isobars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the air masses ? Captain

A

cA :
mA
mP
mT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the front associated with the air masses ? Cap(t)ain

A

cA
mA
mP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which air mass is rare in summer ?

What are the air masses in a polar front ?

A

Rare in summer :Ca
In a polar front :
mP
mT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How circulate the wind in a quasi stationary front ?
What weather do we encounter at the trowal ?
How is the temperature moving when we fly through a trowal ?

A
  • Parallel to the front
  • TCU, AS and AC.
  • We fly from to the cold to the warm and again to the cold so a rise then a drop.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In which direction moves the Low Pressure area ?

A

The low pressure moves in direction parallel to the isobars in the warm sector of the L.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What will you encounter in the winter warm front if you arrive from the cold side ?

A

Snow, Ice Pellets, Freezing Rain , Rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 types of fog resulting from COOLING the air ?

A

Radiation fog , Advection fog , Upsolpe fog.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 types of fog resulting from INCREASED DEW POINT ?

A

Frontal fog, Steam fog( increased dew point ) , Ice fog.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happen if you were in moderate mixed icing then you encounter ice crystals and then light rime icing ?
What is the impact of Frost on the plane flying capabilities ?

A
  • As ice crystals appear in an area of water droplets, the crystal grow while the droplets shrink and tend to disappear.
  • Frost Initially it forms with grains of 0.004 inch but then increase to 0.01 to 0.015 inch and may increase drag and decrease climb gradient. No significant effect on lift however.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the ingredients needed to make a thunderstorm ?
What is a severe thunderstorm?
What are squall lines tunderstorms ?
When do we encounter frequently squall lines ?

A
  • Steep vertical lapse rate and adequate humidity.
  • Thunderstorm with tops at 35000 ft or higher.
  • Thunderstorms with heavy hail, destructive winds or tornadoes are generally associated with squall line thunderstorm.
  • With cold fronts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If you have to fly in a thunderstorm, what temperature should be avoided ?
What should you do if you have no choice but entering the thunderstorm ?
By how much should you avoid the thunderstorm if you are flying above freezing level ?

A

-0°C and -15°C.

-Don’t turn back once you have entered a thunderstorm.
Set the power settings for turbulence penetration speed ( NOT Va ! )
Disengage the altitude mode.
Keep a constant aTTitude and don’t try to keep a constant rigid aLTitude.

-By 10 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In the airborne weather radar, what are the best reflectors ?
On what depend the strength of the echo ?
Does the radar detect volcanic ashes ?
What does the Stormscope (Ligthing Detecting Equipment) ?

A
  • Water droplets are the best reflectors .
  • The strength depends more on the size of the water droplets.
  • It can’t detect volcanic ash but can detect wet snow, rain and wet hail.
  • It detects electromagnetic discharges but does not detect rain. May see through area of heavy precipitation to detect turbulent area beyond. It can detect turbulence in clouds that have little or no precipitation. It is not line of sight limited (can detect weather behind mountains even on the ground).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is attenuation on weather radar ?

What happen with the weather radar if you are flying away from a cell ?

A
  • When large amount of precipitation is present it is possible that a cell behind this area may go undetected.
  • If you are flying AWAY from the cell, the intensity of its return will DECREASE.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What enables the contour mode on weather radar ?

A

The “contour” mode allow to detect areas of heaviest rainfall that will appear as black holes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What echo shapes should be avoided when using the weather radar?

A

The hook shape on the radar might indicate severe turbulence and possible tornadoes, a finger echo might indicate the presence of hail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do you encounter the rotor cloud ?

Are there turbulence associated with those clouds ?

A

With the presence of mountain waves, you can find rotors from above to below peak on the lee side of the mountain range.
The most pronounced turbulence is in and below those rotor clouds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens in the lower stratosphere ?

A

The temperature is constant at -56°C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the characteristics of the tropopause ?

A

There is an abrupt change in lapse rate that takes place.
The tropopause act as a lid on the clouds.
Anvil tops of thunderstorms spread at the tropopause.
A haze layer with a definite layer can frequently be seen.

25
Q

What is the cause of the thermal winds ?

What is a characteristic of the thermal wind ?

A

The stronger the temperature gradient , the greater the pressure difference in the horizontal, the greater the wind.

When flying with the wind ( northern hemisphere ) , the average temperature of the air below the aircraft is lower to the left than to the right.

26
Q

What do we know about jet stream seasonality ?
What is the Nocturnal Jetstream ?
What are the cloud type associated with jet streams ?
Where do we find the jet stream in relation to the front ?

A
  • Jet streams are stronger in winter than in summer and are more to the south in winter than in summer.
  • It generally forms over flat terrain, such as the prairies, and is most predominant in the summer. As it is associated with the nocturnal inversion, clear skies are necessary.
  • Jet stream cirrus and dense cirrostratus forms.
  • The jet lies in the warm air above the frontal surface.
27
Q

What do we know about the CAT associated with jet streams ?

What should you do if turbulences are encountered with direct tailwinds or headwinds ?

A
  • CAT may be found on the low pressure side ( cold air side ) of the core.
  • A turn to the south ( northern hemisphere) will place the aircraft in a more favourable area.
28
Q

On 250 mb charts, what happens if the 30kts isotachs are closer than 90 nm ? How the isotachs are drawn on the 250 mb charts ?
What are the lines observed on a surface weather chart ?
What are the lines observed on an upper level chart ?

A
  • There is sufficient horizontal windshear for CAT to occur. The isotachs are analyszed by a computer and drawn at 30-kt intervals starting at 30 kt.
  • The Isobars ( At the same level we have different pressure zones ).
  • The Contour Lines ( At the same level of pressure we have different heights ). Wind can be determined at any point by using the height contours.
29
Q

What do we do if we are flying crosswind in the vicinity of a jet stream ?
What do we do if we are flying headwind or tailwind in the vicinity of a jet stream ?

A

If the OAT rises, climb out of the turbulence, if the OAT falls, descend out of the turbulence.
You must change direction to the south to place the aircraft in smoother air and favorable winds.

30
Q

What happens if 5° Isotherms are closer than 2° of latitude ( 120nm ) ?

A

There is sufficient vertical shear for turbulence.

31
Q

Talking of radio wave , what is the characteristics attenuation ?

A

Attenuation is directly proportional to the frequency.

32
Q

What are the frequencies favoured at day and at night ?

A

High frequency at night and low frequency at day.

33
Q

What is the accuracy of a DME ?

A

+- 0.5nm or 3% of measured distance.

34
Q

What is the accuracy of NDBs ?
What is the coastal refraction effects on NDBs ?
What is the twilight effect on NDBs ?

A
  • +- 10° enroute and +-5° on approach.
  • When flying over water we should not use an NDB that crosses the shore line at an angle less than 30°.
  • problems that occur just before sunrise and after sunset.
35
Q

Do you need VOR, NDB or DME equipments if you are conducting a GNSS overlay approaches ?

A

VOR, NDB and DME equipments does not need to be installed/functioning and the underlying approach does not need to be functioning.

36
Q

What are the tolerances of a GNSS approach ?

A

2nm Enroute, 1nm Terminal, 0.3nm Approach.

37
Q

What are the characteristics of an ILS system ?

A

full deflection is 2.5° on localizer.
The beam width is 1.4° , 0.7 either side.
The coverage of ILS can be considered valid :
at 35° either side up to 10nm and 10° either side up to 18nm.

38
Q

What does the letters “X” and “I” mean on the approach plates /charts?

A

If a localizer alignment exceed 3° of the runway heading it will have a “X” as the first indicator letter.
If a localizer has a back course and an alignment of 3° or less it will have an “I” as the first letter.

39
Q

What do SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radars ) detect ?

A

They detect objects aircrafts equipped with a transponder.

40
Q

What is a Precision Approach Radar ( PAR ) ?

What is a LWIS ?

A

-PAR is a short range, high definition PSR used as an approach aid.

-Automated weather system that produces hourly report containing ( 5 cheap items to install) :
Wind speed
Directions
Temp
Dew Point
Altimeter setting
41
Q

What is the Inertial Navigation System ?
What is the function of an autopilot ?
What is the APU ?

A
  • It consists of accelerometers. The accelerations measured will be then integrated with respect to time to establish velocity and distance travelled.
  • Controls the aircraft around the center of gravity.
  • APU is a gas turbine used primarily during ground operation to provide electric power, compressed air for the air cond and to start the main engine.
42
Q

What is a SELCAL ?

A

It is a ground station coder that will generate a 4 pre selected audio tones unique to the aircraft to be reached. The aim is to reduce the noise in the cockpit when you use the HF radio.

43
Q

Tricky flight plan question :

What is the fuel burnt ?

A

6686 ( Wind PO35 = tailwind 35 kts along the leg )

44
Q

What are the safe obstruction clearance of VASI ?
What is the Eye-to-Wheel Height?
What is the Coriolis effect when flying ?

A
  • 6° either side of the extended runway centreline out to 4 NM ( 7.5 km ).
  • The distance from a pilot’s eyes to the lowest portion of the aircraft in the landing configuration.
  • Coriolis effect : When you head turns in the direction opposite to that of the airplane you may become disoriented.
45
Q

What are the 7 classes of airspace in Canada ?

A
  • Class A : Controlled High-level airspace. IFR only.
  • Class B : Controlled Low-level airspace. ( >12500 ft and < 18000 ft ). IFR and CVFR only.
  • Class C : Controlled airspace. IFR and VFR permitted. ATC provides separation for IFR and VFR flights when necessary.
  • Class D : Controlled airspace. IFR and VFR permitted. IFR separation only.
  • Class E : CONTROLLED AIRSPACE. IFR and VFR permitted. IFR separation only.
  • Class F : Special use airspace. May be controlled or uncontrolled. Restricted or Advisory area.
  • Class G : Uncontrolled airspace.
46
Q

What are the types of ELTs that can be detected by COSPAS-SARSAT satellites ?

A

ELTs 406 MHz

47
Q

What are microbursts and virga ?

What is the intensity and duration of a microburst ?

A
  • Microburst is a downward flowing column of air containing precipitation ( called Virga ) which evaporates before reaching the ground.
  • We can find vertical winds as high as 6000ft/min with a max intensity lasting 2-4 min.
48
Q

What is the requirement to file an airport as an alternate ?
How should we use the BECMG condition to decide if the weather is above the minima ?
How should we use the TEMPO condition to decide if the weather is above the minima ?
How should we use the PROB condition to decide if the weather is above the minima ?

A
  • The ceiling visibility at the ETA must be above the alternate aerodrome weather minima.
  • If the weather improve the condition is applicable at the end of the BECMG time period.
  • TEMPO : The condition shall not be below the aerodrome alternate minima for the whole period.
  • PROB : The condition shall not be below the aerodrome LANDING minima for the whole period.
49
Q

What are the 3 types of TCAS ? Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System ?
The intruder aircraft must have which transponder mode ?
How should you proceed if you hear a RA ( Resolution Advisory ?

A

-TCAS 1 does the traffic advisories.
TCAS 2 does the traffic advisories and the vertical resolution advisories.
TCAS 3 does the traffic advisories and the vertical and horizontal resolution advisories.

-Mode C or S

-Follow the RA , Notify asap the ATC of the deviation ( the alteration of the flight path should be limited to the min extent necessary to comply with the RA).
When you deviate from an ATC instruction/clearance in response to an RA you shall return promptly to the terms of the instruction/clearance when conflict is resolved.

50
Q

What is a VOLTMET ?
Where can you find the frequencies ?
How the visibility is measured on an AWOS ?

A
  • The VOLTMET is like an ATIS which is provided by Gander Radio on a number of HF frequencies.
  • The frequencies are given in the CFS section D.
  • The visibility is measured using fixed, unidirectional, forward scatter technique.
51
Q

Can a pilot use the WAAS in the case the approach prediction showed it won’t be available but it eventually is ?
What is the negative W notation ?

A

Yes the service might be available once they arrive at the aerodrome because of the conservative nature of the prediction. They may choose to use the approach in this case.
In the event that an aerodrome is located in a region of poor WAAS availability, NOTAMs will not be issued when WAAS-based LNAV VNAV is expected to be unavailable. Pilots will be alerted with a negative ( white on black background ) “W” on the approach plate.

52
Q 
What are the  following marshal signals :
Identify the Gate ?
Do a Normal Stop ?
Remove the chocks ?
Warning of a fire ?
A
  • Identify Gate :
    Raise fully extended arms straight above head with wands pointing up.

-Normal stop :
Fully extend arms and wands at a 90-degree angle to sides and slowly move to above head until wands cross.

-Chocks removed :
With arms and wands fully extended above head, move wands outward in a “jabbing” motion.

-Fire :
Move right-hand wand in a “fanning” motion from shoulder to knee, while ar the same time pointing with left-hand wand to area of fire.

53
Q

What is the 703 category ?

A
  • Single-engined aircraft
  • Multi-engined aircraft, other than a turbo-jet-powered plane, with a MCTOW <= 8618 Kg ( 19000 lbs) and a seating conf <=9.
54
Q

What is the fuel requirement to operate an IFR flight in the 705 category ?

A

On designated routes :Fuel to destination , Enroute fuel reserve of 5%.
+ fuel to descent at any point along the route to the lower of 1 engine inoperative ceiling or 10000 ft ASL
+ Cruise at that altitude
+ Approach and Missed approach
+ Hold 30 min at 1500 ft above the elevation of the suitable aerodrome.

55
Q

When receiving an altitude clearance how should you react to this info ?
What happen to your planned approach clearance if you experience a com failure in IFR ?
What are the IFR preferred routes ?

A
  • Climb or Descend promptly on aknowledgement of the clearance at an optimum rate.
  • The approach is protected for ETA+30min.
  • It is a route that has a defined start and end point.
56
Q

What are the flight plan requirements when you fly to a foreign state ?

A
  • An ICAO flight plan must be filed unless you fly to the US.
57
Q

What is the requirement regarding the use of portable electronic devices in flight ?

A

Passengers shall be informed of the AIR OPERATOR’s POLICY regarding this matter ( prohibited to use it during the delivery of the pre flight safety briefing )

58
Q

Can we perform a Low energy Go-around ?

A

It is a high risk, undemonstrated maneuver, to try to do a balked landing or go around while in the low-energy landing regime.

SARON SAMRA Seminair (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions