sampling vs specialisation Flashcards
define sport specialisation?
intensive year around training in a single sport excluding others
define early engagement?
engaging in particular sport from young age (U11)
define early specialisation?
focusing on 1 sport from young age (U11)
define diversification?
focusing on number of sports until mid-teens (U16)
define late specialisation?
focusing on 1 sport only from mid-teens
why do people specialise?
- increased social standing of sporting accomplishment
- financial reward
- parents and coaches
- 10,000 hour belief
- sports with post-pubertal gains not existing
- talent mindset
give studies for diversification?
- senior olympians training at higher volume in other sports with lower in institutional sport programmes 1999 - greater success in 2002 (gullich and embrace 2009)
- high amount of world-class athletes had competed in other sports and invested training into them (gullich 2007 cited vaeyens et al 2009)
evidence for diversification?
- participation in 3 sports during specialising years increases likelihood of participation in higher competitive standard
- sampling sports = improved neuromuscular control compared to specialists
- poor neuromuscular control = injury risk factor so young entourage to participate in multiple sports
- Yelena switched 15y/o from gymnastics to pole vault - won gold in 2004 and 2008
what are the risks of early specialisation?
- social isolation
- burnout
- over-dependence
- misinformed judgements by adults
- overuse injuries
- reality of making it
how can early specialisation affect you from a medical view?
- poorer age appropriate skills
- cannot develop wider neuromuscular patterns = injury risk
- physical burnout
- psychological disengagement
- less chance to develop wider coping strategies
benefits of diversification?
- doesn’t hinder elite sport participation
- longer sporting career
- learning in wide context
- self-learning through experiment
- motor and cognitive skils
- 16+ recommend specialising
what did Normand et al 2017 include?
skill development is key and late sport specialisation is key to success
fade et al. 2013 and youth football
10-40% injuries were due to overuse
due to specialisation