Sampling Theory & Methods Flashcards
What is the definition of a population?
The totality of observations.
What is a sample?
One or more elements taken from the population.
What is a parameter?
A numerical measure that describes the whole population.
What is a statistic?
A numerical description of the sample.
Data values gathered from a population are referred to as _______.
parameter
Data values gathered from a sample are referred to as _______.
statistic
What percentage of surveyed customers said they are satisfied if 88% of 50 surveyed customers respond affirmatively?
Statistic
What percentage of all customers in a restaurant said they are satisfied with the food if it’s 90%?
Parameter
What is the average age of all Grade 11 students in the country if it is stated as 17 years?
Parameter
What is the average age of 50 randomly selected Grade 11 students if it is stated as 16.8 years?
Statistic
What are the two categories of sampling techniques?
- Probability (unbiased) sampling
- Nonprobability (biased) sampling
What is systematic random sampling?
A random sampling technique that considers every nth element of the population with a selected random starting point.
How is stratified sampling defined?
A population divided into subgroups termed as strata where a sample is taken from each subgroup (stratum)
What is clustered sampling?
Done by using pre-existing or natural subgroups of a population referred to as clusters, then a cluster will be randomly selected and all its members will be the sample.
What is haphazard/convenience sampling?
Sampling carried out on the matter of convenience with little or no planning.
What is judgemental/purposive sampling?
Sampling focused on selecting members best fitted for the research.
What is snowball sampling?
A technique where each respondent (sample) recommends/refers other possible respondents.
What is quota sampling?
A technique where the researcher identifies quotas based on predefined control categories.
What is the equivalent of stratified random sampling in nonprobability sampling?
Quota sampling.
True or False: In systematic random sampling, every 4th element can be selected.
True
What is the formula used to determine sample size in a population?
Slovin’s Formula
What is simple random sampling?
Each member of the population has an equal chance to be selected.
In clustered sampling, what are the samples termed as?
Clusters.
In stratified sampling, what are the subgroups of a population termed as a whole?
Strata.
