Sampling Theory & Methods Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

The totality of observations.

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2
Q

What is a sample?

A

One or more elements taken from the population.

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3
Q

What is a parameter?

A

A numerical measure that describes the whole population.

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4
Q

What is a statistic?

A

A numerical description of the sample.

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5
Q

Data values gathered from a population are referred to as _______.

A

parameter

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6
Q

Data values gathered from a sample are referred to as _______.

A

statistic

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7
Q

What percentage of surveyed customers said they are satisfied if 88% of 50 surveyed customers respond affirmatively?

A

Statistic

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8
Q

What percentage of all customers in a restaurant said they are satisfied with the food if it’s 90%?

A

Parameter

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9
Q

What is the average age of all Grade 11 students in the country if it is stated as 17 years?

A

Parameter

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10
Q

What is the average age of 50 randomly selected Grade 11 students if it is stated as 16.8 years?

A

Statistic

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11
Q

What are the two categories of sampling techniques?

A
  • Probability (unbiased) sampling
  • Nonprobability (biased) sampling
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12
Q

What is systematic random sampling?

A

A random sampling technique that considers every nth element of the population with a selected random starting point.

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13
Q

How is stratified sampling defined?

A

A population divided into subgroups termed as strata where a sample is taken from each subgroup (stratum)

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14
Q

What is clustered sampling?

A

Done by using pre-existing or natural subgroups of a population referred to as clusters, then a cluster will be randomly selected and all its members will be the sample.

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15
Q

What is haphazard/convenience sampling?

A

Sampling carried out on the matter of convenience with little or no planning.

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16
Q

What is judgemental/purposive sampling?

A

Sampling focused on selecting members best fitted for the research.

17
Q

What is snowball sampling?

A

A technique where each respondent (sample) recommends/refers other possible respondents.

18
Q

What is quota sampling?

A

A technique where the researcher identifies quotas based on predefined control categories.

19
Q

What is the equivalent of stratified random sampling in nonprobability sampling?

A

Quota sampling.

20
Q

True or False: In systematic random sampling, every 4th element can be selected.

21
Q

What is the formula used to determine sample size in a population?

A

Slovin’s Formula

22
Q

What is simple random sampling?

A

Each member of the population has an equal chance to be selected.

23
Q

In clustered sampling, what are the samples termed as?

24
Q

In stratified sampling, what are the subgroups of a population termed as a whole?

25
Q

In stratified sampling, what is the term of a subgroup?