sampling test

Question 1

whole group of individuals or items of interest

Answer 1

population, N
(all college students in the ph)

Question 2

population from which a sample will actually be taken

Answer 2

sampling population, n
(students at 3 specific universities in the ph)

Question 3

group of which representative information is desired and to which inferences will be made

Answer 3

target population
(all teens who uses social media)

Question 4

individual elements in a population being studied

Answer 4

sampling unit/ study unit
*it can be a person, fam, city, hospital, clinic, object
(indiv teenagers, social media, post)

Question 5

list of elements in the sampling population

Answer 5

sampling frame
(complete list of all students in school)

Question 6

an object or person on which a measurement is actually taken/ observation is made

Answer 6

elementary unit/ element
(SPECIFIC person/ thing you actually collect from the data)

Question 7

difference between the vale of the parameter being investigated

Answer 7

sampling error
*sample shows vs actually there

Question 8

sampling unit vs elementary unit

Answer 8

sampling units:
contain many elementary units
*it can be a person, fam, city, hospital, clinic, object
(classrooms)

elementary unit:
basic unit on actual observation is made
(individual students)

Question 9

it is the act of studying or examining only a part of the total population

Answer 9

sampling

Question 10

advantages of sampling

Answer 10

Cheaper
Faster
Better quality of information
More comprehensive data
Only possible method for destructive procedures

Question 11

what are the use of sampling in public health

Answer 11

Evaluation of the health status of a population.
Investigation of factors that may affect health.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of health measures.
Assessment of specific aspects in the administration of health services.

Question 12

Criteria of a Good Sampling Design

Answer 12

The samples obtained should be representative of the population. Meaning it should reflect both the characteristics as well as the variability of the population being studied.

Sample size should be adequate.
too few = misleading
too many = waste resources

Practicality and feasibility of the sampling procedure.

Economy and efficiency of the sampling design. (must get most info at the smallest cost)

Question 13

what r the 2 types of sampling designs

Answer 13

probability
non-probability

Question 14

in non-probability, what is the probability of each member of the population being selected in the sample

Answer 14

it is difficult to determine/ cannot be specified
no way to assess the reliabily of the sample results

Question 15

true or false:
in non-probability, standard errors can be computed and methods of statistical inference cannot be applied.

Answer 15

false - cannot

Question 16

explain why results based on non-probability sampling designs are best utilized only for descriptive purposes

Answer 16

u can describe what you found in your sample but u cant make confident predictions abt the whole population

Question 17

nonprobability is used when studying

Answer 17

hidden population (homeless, drug users, prostitute)

*snowball technique

Question 18

A representative sample of the population is selected based on an expert’s subjective judgment or on some pre-specified criteria.

Answer 18

Judgment or purposive
*most common type

Question 19

Sometimes a researcher may use in the study whatever items come at hand or whoever is available.

Answer 19

Accidental/ haphazard sampling

Question 20

Data collectors are given quotas to meet. They will keep on interviewing until the pre-specified quota meets.

Answer 20

Quota sampling

Question 21

most basic type of probability sampling design.

Answer 21

simple random

Question 22

main difference between probability and non-probability sampling designs

Answer 22

Probability sampling: The rules for picking a sample are clear and specific. Every individual in the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected. This allows for more accurate predictions about the entire population.

Non-probability sampling: The rules aren’t as strict or well-defined. Some individuals may not have any chance of being chosen, so it’s harder to make predictions about the whole population.

In simple terms, probability sampling is more structured and fair, while non-probability sampling can be more flexible but less precise.

Question 23

main characteristics of simple random

Answer 23

every element in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.

Question 24

an alternative way for simple random

Answer 24

to number the population members chronologically. The numbers of those who will be included in the sample are selected by using a table of random numbers.

*chronologically numbered listing of the population is required to serve as the sampling frame.

Question 25

simple random is used in
systematic sampling is used when

Answer 25

surveys involving relatively small population with readily available sampling frames

Used when the sampling units are too numerous to number for purposes of SRS (simple random)

Question 26

Is a variation of simple random sampling.

Answer 26

systematic sampling

Question 27

how is the sampling interval is first determined in systematic sampling

Answer 27

k= N/n

Example: a sample of 10 households is desired from a community with 80 households.

80/10 = 8 (sampling interval)
This means that one household will be included in the sample for every 8 households in the population.
Now we have determined our k. We will now pick one number from 1tok.

Example we picked number 5. (starting point)
The 5th household will be the 1st to be interviewed and will add 8 to know who will be the next.
13, 29, 37, 45, 53, 61, 69 and 77

Question 28

population is first divided into overlapping groups called subgroups

Answer 28

Stratified Random Sampling
*strata

Question 28

It is used when a sampling frame for elements is not readily available or when cost considerations are important.

Answer 28

cluster sampling

Question 28

It is used when the sample survey has a wide coverage.

Answer 28

Multi-stage Sampling

Question 29

it is a cluster of elements

Answer 29

sampling units

• Population is 1st divided into clusters that serve as the sampling units and a sample of units is selected.
  Every element found in each sampling unit drawn as a sample may or may not be included in the study.
  [once clusters r selected, u may include all indiv frm selected or only some indivs from each selected clusters

Question 30

process of Multi-stage Sampling

Answer 30

The population is1st divided into a set of primary or first stage sampling units.

Each primary sampling unit included in the sample is further subdivided into secondary or second stage sampling units from which sample will again be taken.

The procedure continues until the desired stage is reached.