Sampling Methods, Data Collection and Presentation Flashcards
Refers to the process of selecting individuals as respondents or participants in a research.
Sampling
A process whose members had an equal chance of being selected from the population; it is also called probability sampling.
Random Sampling
A process of selecting n sample size in the population via random numbers or through lottery (draw lots).
Simple Random Sampling
A process of selecting a kth element in the population until the desired numbers of subjects or respondents is attained.
Systematic Sampling
A process of subdividing the population into subgroups or strata and drawing members at random from each subgroup or stratum.
Stratified Sampling
A process of selecting clusters from a population which is very large or widely spread out over a geographical area.
Cluster Sampling
Sampling procedure where samples are selected in a deliberate manner with little or no attention to randomization; it is also called as non-probability sampling.
Non-random Sampling
Process of selecting a group of individuals who (conveniently) are available for study.
Convenience Sampling
Process of selecting based on judgement to select a sample which the researcher believed, based on prior information which will provide the data they need.
Purposive Sampling
Applied when an investigator survey collects information from an assigned number, or quota of individuals from one of several sample units fulfilling certain prescribed criteria or belonging to one stratum.
Quota Sampling
Technique in which one or more members of a population are located and used to lead the researchers to other members of the population.
Snowball Sampling
Technique when samples are composed of respondents who are self-select into the study/survey.
Voluntary Sampling
Technique when the researcher relies on his/her personal/sound judgement choosing to participate in the study or the sample selected is based on the opinion of an expert.
Judgement Sampling
The exact number of samples or participants in a study. For quantitative research, the bigger number of participants, the better.
Sample Size
It is a face-to-face encounter between the interviewer and the interviewee.
- This method is time-consuming, expensive, and has limited field coverage.
Direct or Interview Method
This method utilizes questionnaires to obtain information.
- It can be done by mail or hand-carried to the intended respondents.
Indirect or Questionnaire Method
Gathering information is governed by laws.
Registration Method
Used to data that are pertaining to behaviors of an individual or a group of individuals at the time of occurrence of a given situation are best obtained by observation.
- One limitation of this method is observation is made only at the time of occurrence of the appropriate events.
Observation Method
Used to determine the cause and effect relationship of certain phenomena under controlled conditions.
Experiment Method
Used to collect data from records, reports, journals, diaries, artifacts, etc.
Documents
Presents the collected data in narrative and paragraphs forms.
Textual Method
Presents the collected data in table which are orderly arranged in rows and columns for an easier and more comprehensive comparison of figures.
Tabular Method
Presents the collected data in visual or pictorial form to get a clear view of data.
Example: Pie chart, Histogram, Pareto chart, Pictograph, etc.
Graphical Method
