Nature of Statistics

Question 1

A branch of applied mathematics that:
- Examines and investigates ways to process and analyze the data gathered.
- Deals with data collection, organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation.

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

The totality of methods and treatments employed in the collection, description, and analysis of numerical data.

Answer 2

Descriptive Statistics

Question 3

• The logical process from sample analysis to a generalization, inferences or conclusion about a population.
• Also called as statistical inference or inductive statistics.

Answer 3

Inferential Statistics

Question 4

Data that come from original source, and are intended to answer specific research questions.

Answer 4

Primary data

Question 5

Data that are taken from previously recorded data.

Answer 5

Secondary data

Question 6

Data cannot be expressed as numbers.

Answer 6

Qualitative data

Question 7

Data can be expressed by numbers

Answer 7

Quantitative data

Question 8

Consists of all the members of the group about which you want to draw a conclusion.

Answer 8

Population

Question 9

A portion, or part, of the population of interest selected for analysis.

Answer 9

Sample

Question 10

A numerical index describing a characteristic of a population.

Answer 10

Parameter

Question 11

A numerical index describing a characteristics of a sample.

Answer 11

Statistic

Question 12

Characteristics of objects, people, or events that does not vary.

Answer 12

Constant

Question 13

A characteristic of objects, people, or events that can take on different values. It can vary in quantity, or in quality.

Answer 13

Variable

Question 14

• Conceptualized and analyzed as distinct categories, with no continuum implied.
• Also termed categorical variable.

Answer 14

Qualitative Variable

Question 15

• Conceptualized and analyzed along a continuum implied.
• Also termed a numerical variable, it can be discrete or continuous variable.

Answer 15

Quantitative Variable

Question 16

A researcher may classify variables according to the function they serve in the experiment.

Answer 16

Experimental Classification

Question 17

Controlled by the experimenter/researcher, and expected to have an effect on the behavior of the subjects.

Answer 17

Independent variable (Explanatory variable)

Question 18

Some measure of the behavior of subjects and expected to be influenced by the independent variable.

Answer 18

Dependent variable (Outcome variable)

Question 19

Variables may also be classified in terms of the mathematical values they may take on within a given interval.

Answer 19

Mathematical Classification

Question 20

A variable which can assume any of an infinite number of values, and can be associated with points on a continuous line interval.

Answer 20

Continuous Variable

Question 21

A variable which consist of either a finite number of values or countable number of values.

Answer 21

Discrete Variable

Question 22

Mutually exclusive and exhaustive meaning it is used to differentiate classes or categories for purely classification or identification purpose.

Answer 22

Nominal

Question 23

Is a property of a set of categories such that an individual or object is included in only one category.

Answer 23

Mutually Exclusive

Question 24

Is a property of a set of categories such that each individual or object must appear in a category.

Answer 24

Exhaustive

Question 25

An observed value classified into one category is said to posses more of a property being scaled than does an observed value classified into another category.

Answer 25

Ordinal

Question 26

Used to classify order and differentiate between classes or categories in terms of degrees of differences.

Answer 26

Interval

Question 27

Differs from interval measurement only in one aspect; it has a true zero point.

Answer 27

Ratio